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Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu

Wɔ nnipa mu no,mum anaa sɛ asosiiɛ(a ɛfiri Latin kasa mutus mu a asekyerɛ ne 'dinn')yɛ sɛ onipa bi ntumi nkasa na ɔnte afoforɔ kasa nso.[1]Yɛte mum ase sɛ obi a ɔntumi nkasa a akyerɛkyerɛfoɔ,dɔkotafoɔ anaa sɛ wɔn a wɔnim de fa kasa ho na wɔtaa hunu.Ɛbɛtumi aba sɛ ɛnyɛ adeɛ a ɛbɛka hɔ afebɔɔ,na nneɛma pii na ɛtumi de mum ba,ɛbi te sɛ adwenemu pira,yareɛ,nnuro ahodoɔ bi,adwendwene beberee,nipadua no mu dɛm,anaa sɛ adwenemu haw.[2]Wɔbɛtumi ahwɛ deɛ ɛyɛ anisoɔ ho dɛm anaa sɛ nkitahodie ho dɛm.Ɛtumi ba sɛ obi wɔ hɔ a ɔtumi kasa nanso ɛsiane nneɛma bi te sɛ akwanhyia,nyarewa, anaa sɛ sɛɛgyiri nti,ɔtumi yera ne kasa ma ɔbɛyɛ mum.

Ɛho ayarehwɛ anaa nsɔano no gyina deɛ ɛde ba no so berɛ a wɔahwɛ sɛdeɛ ɔkasa no.Ɛtɔ berɛ bi a,ayarehwɛ no tumi boa ma nipa no tumi sane kasa.Na ankɔyɛ saa a, wɔde nneɛma binom a ɛboa nkɔmmɔdie ne nkitaho hwɛ nipa no.

Deɛ Ɛde Ba[sesa]

Deɛ ɛnam abɔdeɛ mu ba[sesa]

Abɔdeɛ mu kwan a ɛde mum ba no nan akwan ahodoɔ beberee so.Deɛ ɛde mum ba baako ne deɛ yɛhunu no wɔ kasa mu no,sɛ ebia,w’ano anaa wo tɛkyerɛma.[3]Apraxia nso tumi de mum ba,a ɛno ne ntini ahodoɔ no mu haw a ɛfa kasa ho,sɛ ebia,wontumi nkasa ɛsiane pira bi nti,sɛ wobɛbubu agu fam anaa sɛ deɛ ɛma wotumi de kasa no ho bɛto kyema.Anarthria yɛ dysarthria yareɛ a ano yɛ den pa ara,a ɛno ne sɛ w’ano ne wo tɛkyerɛma anaa sɛ w’ahrawa ho bɛto kyema na ɛntumi nni akɔneaba.[4]Adwenemu haw bi te sɛ ahodwodwoɔ bɛtumi asi kasa ho kwan a wontumi nkasa,na ɛno na wɔfrɛ no aphasia no.Sɛ adwene no mu dwumadie a ɛboa ma yɛtumi kasa no ho to kyema a,ɛtumi de mum ba.[5]Mum bɛtumi ama wɔapae adwene no mu.Sɛ ebia,mmɔfra mu no, yɛwɔ adeɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no posterior fossa syndrome a ɛtumi ma wɔpae mmɔfra tiri mu.[6]

Deɛ ɛnam adwenemu ba[sesa]

Sɛ mmɔfra ntumi nkasa a,na nneɛma bi na ama no aba saa,sɛ ebia,adwene mu haw anaa sɛ adwene mu brɛ,bi te sɛ ayamhyehyeɛ na ɛde aba.Mmɔfra no bi wɔ hɔ a,wɔnkasa ɛsiane nnipa binom a wɔnpɛsɛ wɔne wɔn bɛkasa no nti.Saa tebea yi ne sɛ,abɔfra bi bɛkasa berɛ a ɔno ara pɛ sɛ ɔkasa anaa sɛ nnipa a wɔpɛsɛ wɔne wɔn kasa,sɛ ebia abusuafoɔ.[7]Ɛsɛsɛ wɔhwɛ nneɛma a ɛde yareɛ no ba,na wɔahunu kwan a wɔbɛfa so asɔ ano.[8]Ɛnhyɛda nnɔɔso pii,nanso ɛnte sɛ sɛdeɛ yɛdwene sɛ ɛteɛ no.Ɛnsɛsɛ yɛhunu no sɛ abɔfra a ɔnpɛsɛ ɔbɛkasa obi ho ne abɔfra a ɛsiane honam akwaa no bi a ato kyema nti no ɔntumi nkasa no yɛ pɛ.Mpɛn pii no,wɔtaa hunu ɛho mpopoeɛ berɛ a abɔfra bi adi mfeɛ nnum.Na ɛnyɛ mmɔfra nyinaa na wɔwɔ saa mopoeɛ no.

Mpɛn pii no mum a ɛyɛ nipa sɛ ɔnkasa no ne autism spectrum disorder na ɛnam.Ayarehwɛ a ɛfa nipa no pɛ a ɔnpɛsɛ ɔkasa no ne kasa a ɛkyɛ no ntam no anaa dɛm ahodoɔ no hia sɛ wɔsɔ ano yie.

Mpaninfoɔ a na wɔtumi kasa nanso ɛsiane biribi nti wɔntumi nkasa no renkasa ɛsiane adwenem anaa atinka ho nsɛm nti,ɛwom ɛyɛ adeɛ a ɛsi mpaninfoɔ mu.[9]Sɛ obi nyini na ɔntumi nkasa a,na kyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ adwenem dɛm bi.[10]

Deɛ ɛnam nyini so anaa adwene no mu ba[sesa]

Mmɔfra a wɔntumi nkasa no bɛtumi agyina sɛ wɔntumi ne obi nni nkitaho anaa sɛ wɔn kasa a ɛkyɛ ansa na wɔatumi akasa no so.Na ɛbɛtumi agyina nneɛma beberee so na ama nkitahodie ayɛ den anaa sɛ kasa akyɛ ama saa mmɔfra yi.[11]

Kasa a ɛkyɛ no nso bɛtumi agyina sɛ nipadua no nyini a ɛkyɛeɛ no nti.[12]Sɛ ebia mmɔfra a wɔwɔ haw wɔ wɔn syndrome no mu no,ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔbɛtumi ate kasa anaa sɛ wɔate kasa ase.

Mmɔfra a wɔntumi ne nipa nni nkitaho anaa wɔntumi nkasa no,wɔakyɛ adwene no mu dɛm wɔ DSM-V sɛ ɛde kasa a ɛkyɛ ba.[13][14]

Ayaresa[sesa]

Sɛ yɛhwɛ mmɔfra a ɛkyɛ ansa na wɔatumi akasa no a,ɛho hia sɛ yɛbɛhwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nneɛma foforɔ bi na ɛde saa adeɛ no baeɛ anaa.[15]Saa tebea yi ho nhwɛsoɔ ne, autism spectrum ho dɛm,wɔnte kasa koraa ne apraxia.Ɛho ayaresa no gyina sɛdeɛ wɔsi hwɛɛ tebea no.Kasa a ɛkyɛ no bɛtumi anya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ sɛ obi de kasa bɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu,sɛ obi bɛte kasa anaa sɛ ne mmienu nyinaa.Sɛ obi ntumi nfa kasa nni nkitaho a,ɛnya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ akwaa a yɛde kasa no so,sɛ ne kasa no bɛtoa so aba waa ne kasa ho nkitahodie dɛm ahodoɔ no.Sɛ ebia,kasa ne kasa ho nnwuma nyinaa bɛtumi agyina kwan a mmɔfra fa so yɛ nnegyeɛ a ɛyɛ fɔnɔlɔgyi ho haw.[16][17]

Wɔayɛ nneɛma soronko a wɔde bɛhwɛ mmɔfra a wɔnte kasa na kasa kyɛ ma wɔn no.Sɛ ebia,ayarehwɛ a wɔfrɛ no pivotal response treatment,na ɛyɛ ayaresa soronko a ɛhia abusua sɛ wɔdi mu akotene.[18]Ɔfoforɔ nso ne deɛ Mark Sundberg de baeɛ a wɔfrɛ no verbal behavior framework ,na ɛno nso yɛ ayaresa a wɔde aka applied behavior analysis(ABA)ho na wɔde hwɛ mmɔfra nketewa a wɔntumi nkasa no.[19]

Ayaresa a wɔde ma obi a ɔntumi nkasa koraa ɛsiane adwene no mu dɛm no,hia sɛ wɔbɛsɔ no ahwɛ,na wɔagyina saa nsɔhwɛ no so afa adwuma,anisoɔ ne kasa ho asɔ no ahwɛ.[20][21]Ayaresa a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔnpɛsɛ wɔkasa no bi ne,sɛ wɔbɛsɔ nipa no ahwɛ,afotuo,ne akyigyinapa.[22]Ayaresa nso a wɔde ma mpaninfoɔ a na wɔtumi kasa nanso ɛsiane biribi nti wɔntumi nkasa no bi ne sɛ,wɔbɛsɔ no ahwɛ ahunu deɛ ɛde baeɛ,a nnuro ne sɛɛgyiri bi a ɔyɛeɛ ka ho,ɛno akyi na wama no ayarehwɛ anaa banbɔ papa.Ayaresa no bi bɛtumi agyina afotuo so,anaa sɛ beaeɛ a wɔhwɛ nnipa adwene mu no,na ɛgyina deɛ ɛmaa ɔntumi nkasa no so.[23]

Ntotoeɛ[sesa]

Ntotoeɛ hia nneɛma a ɛsɛ fata,a ɛne sɛ wone nipa bi bɛdi nkitaho nanso wonfa wano nkasa nkyerɛ nipa no, ɛne sɛ wone nipa bi bɛdi nkitaho a ɛyɛ nkɔmmɔdie ankasa,woka a na onipa no nso aka(alternative and argumentative communication).Ntotoeɛ a ɛsɛ na ɛfata no bɛgyina nipa no nneyɛeɛ so ne sɛdeɛ ɔsi de n’adwene di dwuma no so.[24]Saa nkitahodie ahodoɔ mmienu yi(agumentative and alternative communication)hyehyɛ firi abɛɛfo nimdeɛ so ma wɔn a wɔn nimdeɛ wɔ fam no tumi te kasa.Sɛ ebia,wode mfonini bɛto hɔ a ɛno bɛyɛ kwan a wone nipa bi bɛdi nkitaho a ɛnkɔ yɛ sɛ gye sɛ nipa no dwene ho anaa sɛ ɔnya nimdeɛ bi ansa na wɔatumi akyerɛ mfonini no.

Mfidie a ɛtumi kasa no tumi boa nnipa a wɔwɔ kasa ho haw a ɛnam ayarehwɛ ahodoɔ nti anya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ wɔn kasa so no,ne nkitahodie ho dɛm a ɛsi kasa ho kwan,anaa sɛɛgyiri binom a anya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ ɛbinom kasa so.Mfidie a ɛtumi kasa no kɔ so ara boa ma wɔde di dwuma a wɔnmrɛ.

Hwɛ Nso[sesa]

Beaeɛ A Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ[sesa]

  1. ↑ Viguera Editores, Neurologia (in Spanish), retrieved 2024-07-01
  2. ↑ n2:0210-0010 - Search Results, retrieved 2024-07-01
  3. ↑ 2 The production of speech sounds, retrieved 2024-07-01
  4. ↑ Vocal Cord (Fold) Paralysis (in American English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  5. ↑ Broca area | Definition, Function, & Facts | Britannica (in English), 2024-06-11, retrieved 2024-07-01
  6. ↑ n2:1973-8102 - Search Results, retrieved 2024-07-01
  7. ↑ ASHA Practice Portal (in English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  8. ↑ Katharina Manassis (2009-02), "Silent suffering: understanding and treating children with selective mutism", Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 235–243, doi:10.1586/14737175.9.2.235, ISSN 1744-8360, PMID 19210197, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ↑ Agnieszka Koźmin-Burzyńska, Agnieszka Bratek, Karolina Zawada, Krzysztof Krysta, Irena Krupka-Matuszczyk (2015-09), "Psychogenic speech disorder--a case report", Psychiatria Danubina, vol. 27 Suppl 1, pp. S411–414, ISSN 0353-5053, PMID 26417806, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Alex S. Cohen, Jessica E. McGovern, Thomas J. Dinzeo, Michael A. Covington (2014-12-01), "Speech deficits in serious mental illness: A cognitive resource issue?", Schizophrenia Research, vol. 160, no. 1, pp. 173–179, doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.032, ISSN 0920-9964, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ Speech and Communication Disorders, retrieved 2024-07-01
  12. ↑ Natasha Marrus, Lacey Hall (2017-07), "Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder", Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 539–554, doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.03.001, ISSN 1056-4993, PMC 5801738, PMID 28577608, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ↑ Nancy Volkers (2017-04), "Untangling the Language Challenges of Autism: Delayed talking alone is not considered a risk factor for autism. So what accounts for high rates of language impairment in the disorder?", The ASHA Leader (in English), vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 54–59, doi:10.1044/leader.FTR2.22042017.54, ISSN 1085-9586, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ↑ Autism Spectrum Disorder: Communication Problems in Children | NIDCD (in English), 2020-04-13, retrieved 2024-07-01
  15. ↑ Maura R. McLAUGHLIN (2011-05-15), "Speech and Language Delay in Children", American Family Physician (in American English), vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 1183–1188, retrieved 2024-07-01
  16. ↑ CDC (2024-04-03), Learn the Signs. Act Early (in American English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  17. ↑ Megan Y. Roberts, Ann P. Kaiser (2015-04), "Early Intervention for Toddlers With Language Delays: A Randomized Controlled Trial", Pediatrics, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 686–693, doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2134, ISSN 0031-4005, PMC 4379460, PMID 25733749, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ↑ Jiedi Lei, Pamela Ventola (2017), "Pivotal response treatment for autism spectrum disorder: current perspectives", Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, vol. 13, pp. 1613–1626, doi:10.2147/NDT.S120710, ISSN 1176-6328, PMC 5488784, PMID 28790824, retrieved 2024-07-01
  19. ↑ https://www.autismspeaks.org/verbal-behavior-therapy, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ Childhood apraxia of speech - Symptoms and causes (in English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  21. ↑ Speech-Language Therapy (for Parents) (in English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  22. ↑ Selective mutism (in English), 2021-02-10, retrieved 2024-07-01
  23. ↑ Tania M. Lincoln, Marcel Riehle, Matthias Pillny, Sylvia Helbig-Lang, Anne-Katharina Fladung, Matthias Hartmann-Riemer, Stefan Kaiser (2017-12-05), "Using Functional Analysis as a Framework to Guide Individualized Treatment for Negative Symptoms", Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 8, p. 2108, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02108, ISSN 1664-1078, PMC 5723417, PMID 29259567, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑ Families need guidance before buying a communication app for autism (in American English), 2019-04-23, retrieved 2024-07-01
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