Krawa

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu

male infertility

class of disease, symptom or sign
subclass of	male reproductive system disease, infertility, sexual impotence, Nyarewa
has cause	aspermia, unknown, oligospermia
health specialty	urology, reproductive medicine
symptoms and signs	erectile dysfunction
genetic association	PDE3A
ICD-9-CM	606, 606.9
ICPC 2 ID	Y10
opposite of	female infertility

Sɛ obi yɛ Krawa a borɔfo kasa mu, yɛfrɛ no " male infertility no a, na kyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ɔbarima a waduru ne mpanimfeɛ so, nanso ɔntumi nhyɛ ɔbaa nyinsɛn.^[1] Wɔ nnipa mu no, mmarima a wɔyɛ krawa no yɛ ɔha nkyekyɛmu adaunan de rekɔ aduonum^[2].^[3] ^[4]Sɛ barima bi ntumi nhyɛ Ɔbaa bi nyinsɛn no gyina sintɔ a ɛwɔ ne nkwa mmo mu no so.^[5]^[6]

Deɛ Ɛgyina Mfeɛ So

Nkwammoa ahoɔden hyɛ aseɛ nyini firi berɛ a obi adi mfeɛ bɛyɛ du mmeɛnsa. Nkwammoa no ahoɔden gyina ne nan so pa ara firi saa berɛ yi de kɔ mfeɛ aduanmsa ne aduanan ntam hɔ. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ ɛfiri mfeɛ aduasa nsia de rekɔ no, nkwammoa no ahoɔden so hyɛ ase te. Ɛpono a ɛdi hɔ yi kyerɛ sɛdeɛ enyini ma mmarima nkwammoa so te fa.^[7]

Age group (Mfeɛ)	Number of subjects (n)	Nkwammoa Ahoɔden (% Grade A+B) [Min-Max]
21-28	57	47.5 ± 25.4 [0-88]
29-35	450	48.1 ± 30.4 [0-95]
36-42	532	40.0 ± 27.1 [0-83]
43-49	165	33.1 ± 25.1 [0-84]
50-60	15	31.3 ± 23.9 [0-59]

Maarima a wɔadi mfeɛ aduonu de rekɔ aduasa seminiferous tubules mu ɔha nkyekyɛmu duɔkron wɔ spermatids. Wɔn a wɔadi mfeɛ aduanan de rekɔ aduonum no nso deɛ spermatids ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduonum. Wɔn a wɔadi mfeɛ aduɔwɔtwe no nso seminiferous tubules mu ɔha nkyekyɛmu du pɛ na ɛwɔ spermatids. ^[8]Whehwɛmu a wɔyɛ faa mmarima 11,548 ho no kyerɛɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔtumi wo wɔ wɔn mu no, deɛ na wanyini pa ara yɛ duasa nsia. Kyerɛ sɛ ɔtumi hyɛɛ obi nyinsɛn berɛ a na wadi mfeɛ aduosia nsia. Wɔan a na wɔn mfeɛ no wɔ anim sene saa no deɛ, wɔhunuu sɛ mma no nyɛ wɔn dea.^[9]^[10]

Deɛ Ɛde ba

Deɛ ɛtumi ma obi yɛ krawa no bi na ɛdidi soɔ yi.

Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ Antisperm antibodies (ASA) na wɔtaa ma ɔbarima bi yɛ krawa. Nkrawa no mu ɔha nkyekyɛmu du na wɔn deɛ gyina ( ASA) so. ASA a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no ma nkwammoa ahoɔden kɔ fam. Kwan a wɔfa so ma nkwammoa no ahoɔden kɔ fam ne sɛ, sɛ ɔbarima bi ho resane no na sɛ nkwammoa no repue a, wɔhyia saa ASA yi. Nti wɔnyumi nkɔhyɛ ɔbaa no mmadwoa mu. ASA a wɔba nipadua mu no taa nam abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia dwumadie so anaasɛ awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ mu.

Deɛ Ɛfiri Awoɔ Ntoatoasoɔ So

Chromosomes ho sintɔ taa ma ɔbarima bi yɛ krawa, sɛdeɛ ɛte wɔ mmaa mu no ara pɛpɛɛpɛ. Biribi a wɔfrɛ no mitochondrial DNA wɔ nkwammoa mu. Saa adeɛ yi kɔ soro bebree a, ɛtumi ma ɔbarima nkwammoa ho te kyema.

Baabi A Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ

↑ Stephen W. Leslie, Taylor L. Soon-Sutton, Moien AB Khan (2024), "Male Infertility", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32965929, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Swati Pandruvada, Rachel Royfman, Tariq A. Shah, Puneet Sindhwani, James M. Dupree, Samantha Schon, Tomer Avidor-Reiss (2021-02), "Lack of trusted diagnostic tools for undetermined male infertility", Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 265–276, doi:10.1007/s10815-020-02037-5, ISSN 1058-0468, PMC 7884538, PMID 33389378, retrieved 2024-06-09 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Men's Health - Male Factor Infertility, 2007-07-04, archived from the original on 2007-07-04, retrieved 2024-06-09
↑ Anthony Hirsh (2003-09-20), "Male subfertility", BMJ : British Medical Journal, vol. 327, no. 7416, pp. 669–672, ISSN 0959-8138, PMID 14500443, retrieved 2024-06-09
↑ Swati Pandruvada, Rachel Royfman, Tariq A. Shah, Puneet Sindhwani, James M. Dupree, Samantha Schon, Tomer Avidor-Reiss (2021-02), "Lack of trusted diagnostic tools for undetermined male infertility", Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 265–276, doi:10.1007/s10815-020-02037-5, ISSN 1058-0468, PMC 7884538, PMID 33389378, retrieved 2024-06-09 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Katerina A. Turner, Amarnath Rambhatla, Samantha Schon, Ashok Agarwal, Stephen A. Krawetz, James M. Dupree, Tomer Avidor-Reiss (2020-04-16), "Male Infertility is a Women's Health Issue—Research and Clinical Evaluation of Male Infertility Is Needed", Cells, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 990, doi:10.3390/cells9040990, ISSN 2073-4409, PMC 7226946, PMID 32316195, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Impact of age on semen parameters in male partners of infertile couples in a rural tertiary care center of central India: A cross-sectional study (in American English), retrieved 2024-06-09
↑ Nobuaki Sasano, Sadatoshi Ichijo (1969), "Vascular Patterns of the Human Testis with Special Reference to Its Senile Changes", The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 269–280, doi:10.1620/tjem.99.269, retrieved 2024-06-09
↑ Peter Forster, Carsten Hohoff, Bettina Dunkelmann, Marianne Schürenkamp, Heidi Pfeiffer, Franz Neuhuber, Bernd Brinkmann (2015-03-22), "Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 282, no. 1803, p. 20142898, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2898, ISSN 0962-8452, PMC 4345458, PMID 25694621, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Peter Forster, Carsten Hohoff, Bettina Dunkelmann, Marianne Schürenkamp, Heidi Pfeiffer, Franz Neuhuber, Bernd Brinkmann (2016-08-31), "Correction to 'Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers'", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 283, no. 1837, p. 20161723, doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1723, ISSN 0962-8452, PMC 5013809, PMID 27559069, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1] Stephen W. Leslie, Taylor L. Soon-Sutton, Moien AB Khan (2024), "Male Infertility", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32965929, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Swati Pandruvada, Rachel Royfman, Tariq A. Shah, Puneet Sindhwani, James M. Dupree, Samantha Schon, Tomer Avidor-Reiss (2021-02), "Lack of trusted diagnostic tools for undetermined male infertility", Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 265–276, doi:10.1007/s10815-020-02037-5, ISSN 1058-0468, PMC 7884538, PMID 33389378, retrieved 2024-06-09 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Men's Health - Male Factor Infertility, 2007-07-04, archived from the original on 2007-07-04, retrieved 2024-06-09

[4] Anthony Hirsh (2003-09-20), "Male subfertility", BMJ : British Medical Journal, vol. 327, no. 7416, pp. 669–672, ISSN 0959-8138, PMID 14500443, retrieved 2024-06-09

[5] Swati Pandruvada, Rachel Royfman, Tariq A. Shah, Puneet Sindhwani, James M. Dupree, Samantha Schon, Tomer Avidor-Reiss (2021-02), "Lack of trusted diagnostic tools for undetermined male infertility", Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 265–276, doi:10.1007/s10815-020-02037-5, ISSN 1058-0468, PMC 7884538, PMID 33389378, retrieved 2024-06-09 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[6] Katerina A. Turner, Amarnath Rambhatla, Samantha Schon, Ashok Agarwal, Stephen A. Krawetz, James M. Dupree, Tomer Avidor-Reiss (2020-04-16), "Male Infertility is a Women's Health Issue—Research and Clinical Evaluation of Male Infertility Is Needed", Cells, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 990, doi:10.3390/cells9040990, ISSN 2073-4409, PMC 7226946, PMID 32316195, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Impact of age on semen parameters in male partners of infertile couples in a rural tertiary care center of central India: A cross-sectional study (in American English), retrieved 2024-06-09

[8] Nobuaki Sasano, Sadatoshi Ichijo (1969), "Vascular Patterns of the Human Testis with Special Reference to Its Senile Changes", The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 269–280, doi:10.1620/tjem.99.269, retrieved 2024-06-09

[9] Peter Forster, Carsten Hohoff, Bettina Dunkelmann, Marianne Schürenkamp, Heidi Pfeiffer, Franz Neuhuber, Bernd Brinkmann (2015-03-22), "Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 282, no. 1803, p. 20142898, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2898, ISSN 0962-8452, PMC 4345458, PMID 25694621, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[10] Peter Forster, Carsten Hohoff, Bettina Dunkelmann, Marianne Schürenkamp, Heidi Pfeiffer, Franz Neuhuber, Bernd Brinkmann (2016-08-31), "Correction to 'Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers'", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 283, no. 1837, p. 20161723, doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1723, ISSN 0962-8452, PMC 5013809, PMID 27559069, retrieved 2024-06-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]