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Amanyɔni

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Amanyɔni yɛ obi a daa ne daa nyinaa ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ amanyɔkuo bi amanyɛsɛm mu anaa obi a ɔpere akonnwa wɔ aban mu. Amannyɔfoɔ bisa, boa sane yɛ mmara a ɛbɛboa beaɛ a ɔwɔ no na asane ama ne nnipa adɔɔso. Ne kɛseɛ ka mu no "amanyɔni" yɛ obi a ɔbɛtumi ahwehwɛ sɛ ɔbɛnya tumi wɔ aban amanyɛsɛm mu.

Adekorɔ a ɛyɛ

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Amanyɔfoɔ yɛ obi a ɔdi dwuma ne titire wɔ amanyɔkuo bi mu daa ne daa nyinaa. Amanyɛsɛm diberɛ hyɛ aseɛ firi mpɔtam aban dekɔ aman aban dekɔ aman aban dekɔsi wiase nyinaa aban.[1] Wɔn a wɔgyina ma yɛtoo wɔn so aba yii wɔn no nyinaa wɔfrɛ wɔn amanyɔfoɔ.[2]

media and rhetoric

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Wɔnim amanyɔfoɔ ɛnam wɔ nsɛm ne wɔn aporɔbɔ mu. Ɛnam asɛm ti a wɔde to wɔn ho so wɔ wɔn aporɔbɔ mu a ɛbɛma wɔn a wɔto aba ahunu wɔn nti amanfoɔ pii no ara nim wɔn.[3] Amanyɔfoɔ a wɔnim de de abɛɛfo ntentan na ɛdi dwuma. [4]Amanyɔfoɔ na ɛwɔ 19th century mu no de koowa nkrataa, Magazine ne nkrataa a yɛde fefam dan ho na ɛdii dwuma.[5] Wɔ 20th century mu no, wɔ mane faa kasafidie ne kasamfonin so,a wɔmaa kasamfonin so aporɔbɔ bɛyɛɛ den. [6]Wɔ 21st century mu no, ɔwuraa abɛɛfo ntentan internet ne smartphone mu. [7] Atetesɛm yɛ adeɛ a ɛdi ntontom a wɔ amanyɔsɛm mu, a wɔka nsɛmmɔne fa obi a ɔpere akonnwa a ɔyɛ adwuma den kyɛn sɛ wɔbɛka asɛm papa afa no ho.[8]

Aban nnwuma

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Sɛ wɔto aba yi obi a ɔne aban mpaninfoɔ ne aban adwumayɛfoɔ na ɛka bom yɛ adwuma. Abakɔsɛm mu no, ntawantawa bi akɔ so wɔ saa nnipakuo mmienu yi ntam pɛn. [9] Wɔ mmoa nhyehyɛeɛ mu no, wɔ 19th century mu no,ɔman bi te sɛ United States, amanyɔfoɔ a wɔdi nkunim de nnipa foforɔ kɔhyɛɛ aban mpaninfoɔ ne adwumayɛfoɔ no anan sɛ wɔmfa aban no adwuma mmara ne n'akyitaafoɔ mmɔ wɔn ho ban. Ɛyɛ "spoils system". Aban adwuma a wɔsane yɛeɛ ne sɛ ɔbɛyi porɔeɛ a ɛwɔ aban nnwuma mu. [10]Saa ara nso na, wɔ aman a ɛntumi mpɔn kɛse no, saa"spoils system" no ate atese wɔ hɔ nnɛ paa ara.[11]

Nnwuma ne ho nsɛm

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Mattozzi ne Merlin kasa kasa faa nnwuma mmienu akwan ho na mpem pii no ɛnnɛ merɛ yi kabi mame nka bi amanyɔfoɔ na ɛfa saa kwan no so. Nea ɛdikan yɛ "come the career Political". Wɔyɛ amanyɔfoɔ a wɔhwɛ aban asoeɛ kɔpem sɛ wɔbɛkɔ ahomegyeɛ mu. Nea ɛtɔ so mmienu "Political careerists". Wɔyɛ amanyɔfoɔ a wɔnya animuonyam wɔ nea wɔnim yɛ a wɔde di aban no nkyekyɛmu te sɛ International Government,Federal Government,State Government ne Local Government,na wagyae amanyɔsɛm de wɔn amanyɔ din akɔhyɛ adwuma foforɔ ase.[12]

Wasua amanyɔfoɔ ho abakɔsɛm, na wɔsusu sɛ wɔn nimdeɛ ne wɔn su na ɔtenetene wɔn gyedie ne wɔn suban. Yɛwɔ ɔkwan nan a amanyɔfoɔ ho nsɛm bɛtumi anya nsusuansoɔ wɔn diberɛ ne nea wɔtumi yɛ ho. Nea ɛdikan ne sɛ nsɛm a ɛfa obi ho no bɛtumi anya nsusuansoɔ wɔ obi gyedie mu, a wɔde tenetene wiase nyinaa. Nea ɛtɔ so mmienu ne sɛ, nea amanyɔfoɔ no akwadare mu no tumi nya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ wɔn ara suahunu so. Nimdeɛ ne deɛ obi nim yɛ bɛtumi akyerɛ baabi a wɔde wɔn agyapadep ne berɛ hyɛ mu sɛ ɔdikanfoɔ. Nea ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa ne sɛ obi ho nsɛm bɛtumi akyerɛ asane atenetene amanyɔsɛm. Ɔdikanfoɔ adwuma bi a ɔdiikan yɛɛ, nhwɛsoɔ, bɛtumi ayɛ mfasodeɛ paa, a ɛde ɔhaw bɛba nea wɔde hyɛɛ adwuma nom a ɛbɛma saa adwuma bi te sɛ adamfoɔ bi a watwam anyini na akɔ n'anim. Sɛ woyi adwuma firi hɔ a nhwɛsoɔ foforɔ ne amanyɔfoɔ su bi te sɛ abusuakuo bi anaa sɛ obi yɛ ɔbaa anaa barima. Ɔkwan a ɛtɔ so nan yɛ sɛdeɛ amanyɔfoɔ ho nsɛm ko tia wɔn nsusuiɛ wɔ nnipa mu,a ɛbɛtumi aha wɔn adidie. Amanyɔfoɔ a wɔyɛ mma titire, bɛtumi afa ɔkwan foforoɔ a ɛyɛ sononko so anya anidie a wɔde maa mmarima a wɔyɛ amanyɔfoɔ no.[13]

Esu ne BanAnimdefoɔ pii asua esu a ɛwɔ amanyɔfoɔ musɛ wɔde wɔn a wɔwɔ aman ne nkurase nkyekyɛmu ho a na wɔde nea faahodie wɔ mu ne nea ɛbɛtumi ayɛ yie ne nea abatoɔ no kɔ tɔɔtee ne nea ɛnnyɛ kamakama.[14] Wɔ mfeɛ a atwam no, ani akɔ mmaa a wɔyɛ amanyɔsɛm a ɛda so. [15] Nhwɛsoɔ, yɛwɔ adesua a ɛfa "Supermadre" a ɛwɔ Latin American amanyɔsɛm mu. [16]Amanyɔfoɔ pii kae nnipa ne edin bɛyɛ mpem na wakae biribi afa wɔn ara mpesoa ho- ɛyɛ akwanya wɔ adwuma no mu,kyɛn sɛ wobɛyɛ tenten ama "basket Balm" bɔ ni. Wɔhyɛɛ United States manpanin George W. Bush ne Bill Clinton animuonyam wɔ nea wɔyɛɛ no ho.[17][18]

Mfomsoɔ

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Ɔsamufoɔ pii to hyɛ amanyɔfoɔ fa ɔkwan a wɔba abɔnten. Saa akwan yi bi ne sɛdeɛ wɔsi kasa, a wɔkyerɛ mu sɛ ɛboro nea ɛda ne kwan so na wɔde nsɛm no bi hyɛ foforɔ anan mma no nyɛ sɛdeɛ mfomsoɔ wɔm na ɛbi nso mu nna hɔ, ɛmfa mmara kwan so na ɛkyere nnipa adwene. [19]Mmerɛ bi a atwam no wɔkyerɛɛ amanyɔfoɔ sɛdeɛ wɔde wonsa wura wura nsɛm ase, pɛsɛmenkomenya, wɔmmu adeɛ, porɔeɛ, wɔnko dare wɔ ade bi mu, wɔde sika gye nnoɔma kyɛn sɛ wobɛyɛ adwuma aman ɔman.[20] Amanyɔfoɔ a ɛwɔ aman pii mu no wɔsusu

Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so

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  1. ↑ politician – Webster's New World College Dictionary". Yourdictionary.com. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  2. ↑ Gaines, Miller, Larry, Roger LeRoy (2012). Criminal Justice in Action. Wadsworth Publishing. p. 152. ISBN 978-1111835576.
  3. ↑ Ofer Feldman, Beyond public speech and symbols: Explorations in the rhetoric of politicians and the media (2000).
  4. ↑ Jonathan Charteris-Black, Politicians and rhetoric: The persuasive power of metaphor (Palgrave-MacMillan, 2005)
  5. ↑ Robert J. Dinkin, Campaigning in America: A History of Election Practices (1989) online
  6. ↑ Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Keith Spillett, The Press Effect: Politicians, Journalists, and the Stories that Shape the Political World (2014
  7. ↑ Nathaniel G. Pearlman, Margin of Victory: How Technologists Help Politicians Win Elections (2012) online
  8. ↑ David Coast and Jo Fox, "Rumour and Politics" History Compass (2015), 13#5 pp. 222–234.
  9. ↑ Joel D. Aberbach, Robert D. Putnam, and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Bureaucrats and politicians in western democracies (Harvard University Press, 1981)
  10. ↑ David A. Schultz, and Robert Maranto, eds., The politics of civil service reform (1998).
  11. ↑ Morris Szeftel, "Political graft and the spoils system in Zambia—the state as a resource in itself." Review of African Political Economy 9.24 (1982): 4–21.
  12. ↑ Andrea Mattozzi and Antonio Merlo, "Political careers or career politicians?." Journal of Public Economics 92#3 (2008): 597–608.
  13. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-050718-032801
  14. ↑ Timothy S. Prinz, "The career paths of elected politicians: a review and prospectus." in Shirley Williams and Edward L. Lascher, eds. Ambition and beyond: career paths of American politicians (1993) pp: 11–63.
  15. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elina_Haavio-Mannila
  16. ↑ Elsa M. Chaney, Supermadre: Women in Politics in Latin America (University of Texas Press, 2014
  17. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=8WfFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45
  18. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=dw8SBZ6KRqYC&pg=PA32
  19. ↑ Invitation to Critical Thinking – Page 319, Vincent E. Barry – 2007
  20. ↑ Arnold J. Heidenheimer and Michael Johnston, eds. Political corruption: Concepts and contexts (2011)
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