Synsepalum dulcificum
Synsepalum dulcificum yɛ afifideɛ bi a ɛwɔ Sapotaceae abusua mu, na ɛwɔ Afrika mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ. Wɔnim no sɛ ɛwɔ nnuaba a sɛ wɔdi a, ɛma nnuane a ɛyɛ anika (te sɛ lemon ne limes ) a akyire yi wɔdi no yɛ dɛ . Saa nkɛntɛnso yi firi miraculin . Edin a wɔtaa de frɛ saa ɔkwan yi ne ne berry no bi ne miracle fruit[1], miracle berry, miraculous berry, sweet berry, [2][3][4] ne Afrika Atɔe fam, baabi a ɔkwan no firi, agbayun (wɔ Yoruba kasa mu )[5] taami,asaa ne ledidi.
Asikyire kakraa bi na ɛwɔ berry no ankasa mu na ɛyɛ tang a ɛyɛ dɛ kakra, Glycoprotein molecule bi wɔ mu, a carbohydrate nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn bi di akyi, a wɔfrɛ no miraculin . Sɛ wodi aduaba no fa a ɛyɛ nam no a, saa molecule yi kyekyere tɛkrɛma no dɛ, na ɛma nnuane a ɛyɛ nwono yɛ dɛ. Wɔ pH a ɛnyɛ nea ɛwɔ nipadua mu no, miraculin kyekyere na esi nnoɔma a ɛma nipadua no nya no kwan, nanso sɛ pH sua (a efiri nnuane a ɛyɛ akisikuru a wodi mu ba) a, miraculin kyekyere protein ahodoɔ na ɛtumi ma nnoɔma a ɛma nnoɔma yɛ dɛ no yɛ adwuma, na ɛma wohu sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ. Saa nkɛntɛnso yi kɔ so kɔsi sɛ nnompe bɛhohoro protein no afi hɔ (ɛkɔ bɛyɛ simma 30).
Edin anwanwadeɛ nnuaba ne anwonwade nnuaba no yɛ nea Gymnema sylvestre ne Thaumatococcus daniellii, a ɛyɛ nnua afoforɔ mmienu a wɔde sesa sɛnea wosusu sɛ nnuane yɛ dɛ no wɔ.
Abakɔsɛm[sesa]
Wɔde berry no adi dwuma wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam berɛ tenten. Ɛyɛ Yorubafo aduane fa . Anyɛ yiyie koraa no, abɔntenfoɔ fii aseɛ suaa aduaba yi firi afeha a ɛto so dunwɔtwe (18th century) mu, berɛ a Europe ɔkwantuni bi, Chevalier des Marchais, de sɛnea wɔde dii dwuma wɔ hɔ no ho kyerɛtohɔ mae no. Des Marchais a na ɔrehwehwɛ Afrika Atɔe Fam nnuaba ahodoɔ pii wɔ 1725 akwantuo bi mu no hunu sɛ ɛhɔfo tete nnuaba no fi nnuadewa mu na wɔwe ansa na wɔadidi.
Wɔ 1980 mfeɛ no mu wɔ United States no, wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtɔn aduaba no ɛsiane sɛnea ɛtumi kata nnuane a ɛnyɛ dɛ so sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ a ɛnhia calorie nti, nanso ɛbɛyɛɛ nea ɛho nhia berɛ a Aduane ne Nnuru Dwumadibea no buu nnuaba no sɛ ɛyɛ aduane a wɔde ka aduane ho na ɛho hia no ahobammɔ ho adanse. Wɔ 1970 mfeɛ no mu berɛ bi no, na U.S. adidifoɔ bɛtumi atɔ miraculin a wɔde yɛ aduru bi. Saa anigyeɛ yi sane nyaa nkɔsoɔ wɔ nnuane a wɔsɔ hwɛ ho nhyiamu ahodoɔ a wɔn a wɔsɔ hwɛ no di nnuane a ɛyɛ nwono na ɛyɛ nwononwono, te sɛ lemon, radishes, pickles, hot sauce, ne beer, afei wonya nsakyrae a wosusu sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ wɔ miraculin mu no mu.
Esu[sesa]
Ɛyɛ dua a ɛnyin 1.8–4.5 m (5.9–14.8 ft) tenten na ɛwɔ nhaban a ɛyɛ den. Ne nhaban yɛ 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) tenten, 2.0–3.7 cm (0.79–1.46 in) trɛ, na ɛho nwi nni ase. Wɔaboaboa wɔn ho ano wɔ nkorabata no ano. Nhwiren no yɛ fitaa. Ɛso kɔkɔɔ, 2 cm (0.79 in) nnuaba atenten. Aba biara wɔ aba baako.
Dua no nnɔeɛ[sesa]
Afifideɛ no nyini yiye wɔ asase a ne pH sua te sɛ 4.5 kosi 5.8, wɔ baabi a awɔ nni mu ne sunsuma fa bi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini kɛseɛ. Etumi gyina ɔpɛ, awia a ano yɛ den, ne mmepɔ a ɛso yɛ toro ano.
Aba no gye nnafua 14 kosi 21 ansa na afifi. Ntam a ɛda ntam a ɛyɛ 4 m (13.) a ft) ntam afifideɛ ntam no yɛ nyansahyɛ.
Afifideɛ no di kan so aba berɛ a wɔanyin bɛyɛ mfeɛ 3–4 akyi, na ɛso nnɔbaeɛ mmienu afe biara, wɔ osutɔ berɛ no awie akyi . Afifideɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono daa yi so nnuaba nketewa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, berɛ a nhwiren fitaa so asram pii wɔ afe no mu.
Aba no kɛseɛ bɛyɛ sɛ kɔfe aba .
Wɔ Afrika no, lepidopterous nwansena to hyɛ nhaban so, na nnuaba mu nwansena nwansena hyɛ nnuaba so . Wɔahu ntontom Rigidoporus microporus wɔ afifideɛ yi so.
Wɔayɛ tomato afifideɛ a wɔadan no awosu mu nkwaadɔm wɔ nhwehwɛmu adwuma ahodoɔ a ɛma miraculin mu .
Nneɛma a wɔde dua no yɛ ne mmara a wɔde di dwuma[sesa]
Wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam mmeae a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse, baabi a saa mmoa yi firi no, wɔde nnuaba a wɔayam no yɛ dɛ ma nsa fufuo yɛ dɛ . Abakɔsɛm mu no, na wɔde di dwuma nso de ma atoko paanoo a wɔayam no dɛ tu mpɔn, nanso wɔde adi dwuma sɛ adeɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ dɛ na ɛma anonne ne nnuane ahodoɔ te sɛ beer, cocktails, vinegar, ne pickles yɛ dɛ.
Efiri afe 2011 no, United States FDA ahyɛ mmara sɛ wɔmfa Synsepalum dulcificum (a ɛkyerɛ ‘miraculin’) mfiri ne mfiaseɛ wɔ Taiwan, na wɔaka sɛ ɛyɛ "adeɛ a ɛyɛ dɛ a wɔmmɔ ho amanneɛ a mmara mma ho kwan". Nanso bra a wɔabra no mfa ho berɛ a wɔde firi aman afoforɔ so ba no. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, wɔmaa adwumakuo Baïa Food Co. a ɛwɔ Spain no kwan sɛ wɔmfa Dried Miracle Berry nkɔ dwa so wɔ EU.
Abɔnten so nkitahodie ahodoɔ[sesa]
Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ[sesa]
- ↑ Wiersama, John Harry; Leon, Blanca (1999), World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ R. Büttner (2001-04-10), Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except Ornamentals) (in English), Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-3-540-41017-1, retrieved 2024-03-24
- ↑ James A. Duke (1993-08-16), CRC Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops (in English), CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-8493-3620-1, retrieved 2024-03-24
- ↑ John C. Roecklein, Ping Sun Leung (1987-01-01), A Profile of Economic Plants (in English), Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-4128-3207-6, retrieved 2024-03-24
- ↑ William R. Bascom (1951-01), "Yoruba Food", Africa (in English), vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 41–53, doi:10.2307/1156157, ISSN 1750-0184, retrieved 2024-03-24
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