Suapɔn
- Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
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Sukuupɔn (a efi Latin universitas ‘a(
pronounciation of "Suapɔn" (help·info)) whole’) yɛ asoɛe a ɛwɔ nhomasua a ɛkorɔn (anaasɛ sukuupɔn) ne nhwehwɛmu a ɛma nhomasua abodin ahorow wɔ adesua ahorow pii mu. Sukuupɔn ahorow taa de adesua a edi kan ne adesua a edi kan nyinaa ma.
Wonyaa asɛmfua sukuupɔn no fii Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium mu, a bɛyɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ "akyerɛkyerɛfo ne nhomanimfo kuw".[1]
Katolek Asɔre nkokorafo na wɔhyehyɛɛ sukuupɔn ahorow a edi kan wɔ Europa.[2][3][4][5][6] Bologna Sukuupɔn (Università di Bologna), a wɔde sii hɔ wɔ afe 1088 mu no ne sukuupɔn a edi kan wɔ ntease a ɛne sɛ:
- Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ asoɛe a ɛma abodin krataa a ɛkorɔn.
- Ahofadi a wobenya afi asɔre sukuu ahorow no ho, ɛwom sɛ asɔfo ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ asɔfo nyinaa na wɔhwɛ so de.
- Wɔde asɛmfua universitas (a wɔde sii hɔ wɔ ne fapem) no dii dwuma.
- Wiase ne nea ɛnyɛ wiase abodin ahorow a wɔde ma: kasa mmara, kasakoa, ntease, nyamekyerɛ, canon mmara, notarial mmara[7][8][9][10][11] (a efi Latin universitas ‘a whole’) yɛ asoɛe a ɛwɔ nhomasua a ɛkorɔn (anaasɛ sukuupɔn) ne nhwehwɛmu a ɛma nhomasua abodin ahorow wɔ adesua ahorow pii mu. Sukuupɔn ahorow taa de adesua a edi kan ne adesua a edi kan nyinaa ma.
Abakɔsɛm[sesa]
Nkyerɛase
Mfitiase Latin asɛmfua universitas no kyerɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so sɛ "nnipa dodow bi a wɔde wɔn ho abɔ mu ayɛ no nipadua biako, ɔmanfo, adwumakuw, mpɔtam, kuw, adwumakuw, ne nea ɛkeka ho".[12] Bere a nkurow akɛse mu kurow mu asetra ne mfinimfini mmere mu akuw ahorow bae no, wɔde eyi frɛɛ "asuafo ne akyerɛkyerɛfo fekuw ahorow a wɔwɔ mmara mu hokwan ahorow a wɔbom yɛ a mpɛn pii no wɔde mmara ahorow a mmapɔmma, asɔfo mpanyin, anaa nkurow a na wɔwɔ mu no de ma" na ɛyɛe asɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so. Te sɛ akuw afoforo no, na wɔhwɛ wɔn ho so na na wɔkyerɛ sɛnea wɔn asɔremma no fata.[13]
Wɔ nnɛyi dwumadie mu no asɛmfua no aba sɛ ɛkyerɛ "Nhomasua a ɛkorɔn asoɛeɛ a ɛde adesua ma wɔ adesua a ɛnyɛ adwumayɛ mu titire na ɛtaa ba tumi a ɛde abodin krataa ma,"[14] a na wɔadi kan asi n'adwumakuo ahyehyɛdeɛ so dua sɛ ɛfa abakɔsɛm mu wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere no ho sukuupɔn ahorow mu.[15]
Ná Latin asɛmfua a edi kan no kyerɛ adesua asoɛe ahorow a wɔde abodin krataa ma wɔ Europa Atɔe ne Mfinimfini fam, baabi a na mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe yi abu so ne baabi a ahyehyɛde no fi trɛw kɔɔ wiase nyinaa no.
Adwumakuo[sesa]
Ɛwom sɛ ɛsono nhyehyɛe a wɔahyehyɛ asoɛe biara de, nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ sukuupɔn ahorow nyinaa wɔ bagua a wɔhwɛ so; ɔmampanyin, ɔmampanyin, anaa ɔpanyin; anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɔmampanyin abadiakyiri, ɔmampanyin abadiakyiri, anaa ɔmampanyin abadiakyiri biako; ne dean ahorow a ɛwɔ mpaapaemu ahorow mu. Mpɛn pii no, wɔakyekyɛ sukuupɔn ahorow mu ayɛ no adesua dwumadibea ahorow, sukuu ahorow anaa adesuabea ahorow. Ɔman sukuupɔn nhyehyɛe ahorow no, nhomasua a ɛkɔ anim bagua ahorow a aban na ɛhwɛ so na edi so[citation needed]. Wɔhwɛ sikasɛm ho abisade ne sikasɛm nhyehyɛe ho nyansahyɛ ahorow mu na afei wɔkyekyɛ sika ma sukuupɔn biara a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe no mu. Wɔpene nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe foforo nso so na wɔtwa nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu anaasɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae. Bio nso, wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛma nhomasua a ɛkɔ anim asoɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ ɔman anaa ɔman no mu no anya nkɔso ne nkɔso a wɔayɛ no biako bio. Nanso, ɔman sukuupɔn ahorow pii a ɛwɔ wiase no wɔ sikasɛm, nhwehwɛmu ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu ahofadi kɛse. Ankorankoro sukuupɔn ahorow no na wɔde sika ma na mpɛn pii no, wɔwɔ ahofadi kɛse fi ɔman nhyehyɛe ahorow ho. Nanso, ebia wonnya ahofadi pii mfi nnwumayɛkuw ahorow ho a egyina faako a wɔn sikasɛm fi so.
Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ[sesa]
- ↑ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Universities
- ↑ Den Heijer, Alexandra (2011). Managing the University Campus: Information to Support Real Estate Decisions. Academische Uitgeverij Eburon. ISBN 9789059724877.
Many of the medieval universities in Western Europe were born under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually as cathedral schools or by papal bull as Studia Generali
- ↑ A. Lamport, Mark (2015). Encyclopedia of Christian Education. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 484. ISBN 9780810884939.
All the great European universities-Oxford, to Paris, to Cologne, to Prague, to Bologna—were established with close ties to the Church.
- ↑ B M. Leonard, Thomas (2013). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Routledge. p. 1369. ISBN 9781135205157.
Europe established schools in association with their cathedrals to educate priests, and from these emerged eventually the first universities of Europe, which began forming in the eleventh and twelfth centuries
- ↑ Gavroglu, Kostas (2015). Sciences in the Universities of Europe, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Academic Landscapes. Springer. p. 302. ISBN 9789401796361
- ↑ GA. Dawson, Patricia (2015). First Peoples of the Americas and the European Age of Exploration. Cavendish Square Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 9781502606853
- ↑ https://www.unibo.it/en/university/who-we-are/our-history/university-from-12th-to-20th-century
- ↑ http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2007/overall_rankings/worlds_oldest_universities/
- ↑ Paul L. Gaston (2010). The Challenge of Bologna. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-57922-366-3. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2016
- ↑ Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, ISBN 0-7864-3462-7, p. 55f
- ↑ de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages Archived 13 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2, pp. 47–55
- ↑ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1966) [1879], A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ↑ Marcia L. Colish, Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 400-1400, (New Haven: Yale Univ. Pr., 1997), p. 267
- ↑ http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/214804?rskey=Owl6ZY&result=1&isAdvanced=false
- ↑ http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/214804?rskey=Owl6ZY&result=1&isAdvanced=false