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Sisiyareɛ

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Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
Lumbar region in human skeleton

Sisiyareɛ anaa deɛ Engresi aborɔfo frɛ no lumbago no yɛ yareɛ a ɛtaa yɛ nnipa pii a ɛha wɔn akyi ntini ne ne nnompe, wɔ wo mfe ne wo to ase hyeɛ no ntam. Yaw no bɛtumi ayɛ biribi a ɛte sɛ nea ɛrehaw wo berɛ nyinaa, anaa biribi a ɛrehaw wo prɛko pɛ[1]. Wɔbɛtumi akyekyɛ sisiyareɛ mu wɔ berɛ ɛbɛtumi adi (yaw a ɛboro nnawɔtwe 6), ada-ntam-yaw (ɛwɔ nnawɔtwe 6 kosi 12), anaa deɛ wɔntumi nsa (ɛwɔ nnawɔtwe 12 ne akyiri)[2]. Yɛtumi de tebea no toto nea ɛde ba ho te sɛ nea ɛyɛ akwaa mu yaw, nea ɛnyɛ akwaa mu yaw, anaa nea wɔde kyerɛ yaw no kwan[3]. Sɛ obi nya sisiyareɛ a, ɛtaa kɔ n'anim wɔ nnawɔtwe kakraa bi ntam, na nnipa 40 kɔsi 90 wɔ nnawɔtwe nsia mu na, wɔn ho tɔ wɔn.[4]

Nsɛnkyerɛnne ahodoɔ

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Sɛ obi nya sisiyareɛ a emu yɛ den a, ɔtaa te yaw wɔ berɛ a obi repɛgya biribi a ɛso, ɛdanedane ne ho, anaa akotoakotoɔ. Ɛbɛtumi afiri aseɛ ntɛm pa ara wɔ anaa berɛ a obi asɔre anɔpa tutuutu no. Ɛmu nsɛnkyerɛnne no bɛtumi ayɛ biribi te sɛ yaw wɔ baabi pɔtee bi, anaa yaw bi a emu yɛ den. Yaw no mu bɛtumi ayɛ den berɛ a obi reyɛ biribi te sɛ ne ɔrema ne nan so, anaa berɛ a ɔte hɔ anaa ɔgyina hɔ no. Ɛbɛtumi aba sɛ ɔyarefoɔ no bɛte yaw wɔ ne nan ase (a wɔfrɛ no sciatica)[5][6].

Deɛ ɛde ba

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A herniated disc as seen on MRI, one possible cause of low back pain

Sisiyareɛ nyɛ nyarewa pɔtee bi, mmom ɛyɛ yareɛ bi a ɛbɛtumi afiri ɔhaw ahodoɔ pii a ɛwɔ hɔ a emu yɛ den mu aba[7]. Baabiara a obi bɛte nka sɛ ne kɔn mu yɛ ya no, wonhunu nea ɛkɔfa ba, nanso wɔgye di sɛ ɛyɛ biribi a ɛmu yɛ den te sɛ ntini anaa nnompe ahuan anaa abu mu. Kɛseyɛ, sigaretnom, nyinsɛn mu kɛseyɛ, adwennwene, honam fam tebea bɔne, ne nna mu gyinabea bɔne nso bɛtumi ama nkotodwe mu yaw[8]. Adwene biara nni hɔ sɛ ebia ntini mu gyinabea anaa honam mu dwumadi bi yɛ nneɛma a ɛde yare no ba[9]. Nea ɛma ɛbaa saa no bi ne nsɛnkyerɛnne ahodoɔ pii a wɔntaa ntaa nhunu[10]. Nea ɛde saa yareɛ yi ba honam mu no bi ne osteoarthritis, degeneration of the discs, anaa, yareɛ bi a ɛwɔ akyi brɛmo no ho[11].

Ayaresa

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Akyi nnompe

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The nerve and bone components of the vertebrae
ACDF oblique annotated english

Lumbar (anaa w'akyi) beaeɛ no yɛ honam akwaa a ɛwɔ ntini no ase ne gluteal fold ntam a ɛkura lumbar kasɛe nnum (L1--L5) ne sacrum. Wɔ ntini yi ntam no, ntini nketenkete bi a wɔfrɛ no fibrocartilaginousdiscs na ɛwɔ hɔ, na ɛno na ɛbɔ ntini no ho ban, na berɛ koro no ara no, ɛbɔ nnompe no ho ban. Atenka ahodoɔ no firi ntini no mu na ɛkɔ akwaa ahodoɔ mu no denam ntini no ntam kwan pɔtee bi so, na wonya atenka mu nkanyan na wɔde kɔ nnompe no mu. [12]

The lumbar region in regards to the rest of the spine
vertebral column

Nhwehwɛmu

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Esiane sɛ akyi kasɛe no yɛ den nti, sɛ obi ka sɛ ɔfa yaw mu a, ɛyɛ biribi ɛnyɛ anika koraa, na asetena mu nneɛma ahodoɔ ka yaw no ho, enti ɛnyɛ mmerɛ sɛ obi bɛhunu ɛyɛ sisiyareɛ[13]. Mpɛn pii no sisiyareɛ firi nnompe ne obi apɔ so apɔ so na ɛba.Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtwe yareɛ yi firi nsaneyadeɛ mu haw ho, ntini mu nsaneyadeɛ, ntini a ɛho ato kyema, ne nsanyareɛ afoforɔ ho[14][1].

Nsɔano

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Apɔmutenetene nko ara, anaa sɛ ɛka akwankyerɛ ho a, ɛboa ma wɔkwati sisiyareɛ[15][16]. Akwankyerɛ nso yɛ adwuma yie wɔ wɔn a wɔn yaw no atena hɔ bɛboro nnawɔtwe nsia no ho[17]. Berɛ a na wɔresusu sisiyareɛ ho no, nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛeɛ wɔ afe 2007 mu no kyerɛeɛ sɛ, sɛ mpa a emu yɛ den no rentumi mma wɔn ho ntɔ wɔn gye sɛ mpa a emu nyɛ den ho[18] berɛ a nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛeɛ wɔ afe 2020 mu no kyerɛeɛ sɛ, nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛeɛ no nkyerɛ sɛ mpa no mu yɛ den[19]. Adanseɛ biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkatabuo no boa paa wɔ sisiyareɛ ho sene sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ no sɛdea wɔbɛtenetene wɔn apɔ mu[15][16][20].

Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Low Back Pain Fact Sheet for Patients and the Public", Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 95–110, 2005-01, doi:10.1080/j354v18n04_12, ISSN 1536-0288, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ↑ Bart W. Koes, Maurits van Tulder, Chung-Wei Christine Lin, Luciana G. Macedo, James McAuley, Chris Maher (2010-12), "An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care", European Spine Journal (in English), vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2075–2094, doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y, ISSN 0940-6719, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ Eron G. Manusov (2012-09), "Evaluation and Diagnosis of Low Back Pain", Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice (in English), vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 471–479, doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.003, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ↑ Luciola da C. Menezes Costa, Christopher G. Maher, Mark J. Hancock, James H. McAuley, Robert D. Herbert, Leonardo O.P. Costa (2012-08-07), "The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis", Canadian Medical Association Journal (in English), vol. 184, no. 11, pp. E613–E624, doi:10.1503/cmaj.111271, ISSN 0820-3946, retrieved 2024-06-12{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN", Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain of Vertebral Origin, CRC Press, pp. 321–326, 2005-09-01, ISBN 978-0-429-19128-2, retrieved 2024-06-12
  6. ↑ Tasha R. Stanton, Jane Latimer, Chris G. Maher, Mark J. Hancock (2010-04), "How do we define the condition 'recurrent low back pain'? A systematic review", European Spine Journal (in English), vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 533–539, doi:10.1007/s00586-009-1214-3, ISSN 0940-6719, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ Alexander Trott (2001-08), "Evidence-based Approach to Pain Relief", Emergency Medicine News, vol. 23, no. 8, p. 12, doi:10.1097/00132981-200108000-00006, ISSN 1054-0725, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ "Low Back Pain Fact Sheet for Patients and the Public", Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 95–110, 2005-01, doi:10.1080/j354v18n04_12, ISSN 1536-0288, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ↑ Christopher T.V. Swain, Fumin Pan, Patrick J. Owen, Hendrik Schmidt, Daniel L. Belavy (2020-03), "No consensus on causality of spine postures or physical exposure and low back pain: A systematic review of systematic reviews", Journal of Biomechanics (in English), vol. 102, p. 109312, doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.08.006, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Eron G. Manusov (2012-09), "Evaluation and Diagnosis of Low Back Pain", Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice (in English), vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 471–479, doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.003, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ Taehyeung Kim, Marta Martínez-Bonet, Qiang Wang, Nicolaj Hackert, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Yuriy Baglaenko, Byunghee Koh, Roxane Darbousset, Raquel Laza-Briviesca, Xiaoting Chen, Vitor R. C. Aguiar, Darren J. Chiu, Harm-Jan Westra, Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus, Matthew T. Weirauch, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Deepak A. Rao, Peter A. Nigrovic (2024-03-09), "Non-coding autoimmune risk variant defines role for ICOS in T peripheral helper cell development", Nature Communications, vol. 15, no. 1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46457-8, ISSN 2041-1723, retrieved 2024-06-12{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ A. G. Smith (1943-05-01), "Population Problems. By Warren S. Thompson. Third edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1942. 471 pp. $4.00", Social Forces, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 484–485, doi:10.2307/2571189, ISSN 0037-7732, retrieved 2024-06-12
  13. ↑ Eron G. Manusov (2012-09), "Evaluation and Diagnosis of Low Back Pain", Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice (in English), vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 471–479, doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.003, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ↑ Bart W. Koes, Maurits van Tulder, Chung-Wei Christine Lin, Luciana G. Macedo, James McAuley, Chris Maher (2010-12), "An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care", European Spine Journal (in English), vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2075–2094, doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y, ISSN 0940-6719, retrieved 2024-06-12 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Daniel Steffens, Chris G. Maher, Leani S. M. Pereira, Matthew L Stevens, Vinicius C. Oliveira, Meredith Chapple, Luci F. Teixeira-Salmela, Mark J. Hancock (2016-02-01), "Prevention of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", JAMA Internal Medicine (in English), vol. 176, no. 2, p. 199, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7431, ISSN 2168-6106, retrieved 2024-06-13{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Jan Hartvigsen, Mark J Hancock, Alice Kongsted, Quinette Louw, Manuela L Ferreira, Stéphane Genevay, Damian Hoy, Jaro Karppinen, Glenn Pransky, Joachim Sieper, Rob J Smeets, Martin Underwood, Rachelle Buchbinder, Jan Hartvigsen, Dan Cherkin, Nadine E Foster, Chris G Maher, Martin Underwood, Maurits van Tulder, Johannes R Anema, Roger Chou, Stephen P Cohen, Lucíola Menezes Costa, Peter Croft, Manuela Ferreira, Paulo H Ferreira, Julie M Fritz, Stéphane Genevay, Douglas P Gross, Mark J Hancock, Damian Hoy, Jaro Karppinen, Bart W Koes, Alice Kongsted, Quinette Louw, Birgitta Öberg, Wilco C Peul, Glenn Pransky, Mark Schoene, Joachim Sieper, Rob J Smeets, Judith A Turner, Anthony Woolf (2018-06), "What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention", The Lancet (in English), vol. 391, no. 10137, pp. 2356–2367, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30480-X, retrieved 2024-06-13 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Brian KL Choi, Jos H Verbeek, Wilson Wai-San Tam, Johnny Y Jiang (2010-01-20), Cochrane Back and Neck Group (ed.), "Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain", Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (in English), doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006555.pub2, retrieved 2024-06-13{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Roger Chou, Amir Qaseem, Vincenza Snow, Donald Casey, J. Thomas Cross, Paul Shekelle, Douglas K. Owens, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Physicians/American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel* (2007-10-02), "Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Joint Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society", Annals of Internal Medicine (in English), vol. 147, no. 7, p. 478, doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006, ISSN 0003-4819, retrieved 2024-06-13{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Kurt T. Hegmann, Russell Travis, Gunnar B.J. Andersson, Roger M. Belcourt, Eugene J. Carragee, Ronald Donelson, Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach, Jill Galper, Michael Goertz, Scott Haldeman, Paul D. Hooper, James E. Lessenger, Tom Mayer, Kathryn L. Mueller, Donald R. Murphy, William G. Tellin, Matthew S. Thiese, Michael S. Weiss, Jeffrey S. Harris (2020-03), "Non-Invasive and Minimally Invasive Management of Low Back Disorders", Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (in English), vol. 62, no. 3, pp. e111–e138, doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000001812, ISSN 1076-2752, retrieved 2024-06-13 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ Tali Sahar, Matan J. Cohen, Vered Uval-Ne’eman, Leonid Kandel, Daniel Oluwafemi Odebiyi, Ishay Lev, Mayer Brezis, Amnon Lahad (2009-04), "Insoles for Prevention and Treatment of Back Pain: A Systematic Review Within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group", Spine (in English), vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 924–933, doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819f29be, ISSN 0362-2436, retrieved 2024-06-13 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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