Mfidie a wɔde yɛ kua

Kyerɛ Twi kasa a atwerɛsɛm yi ɛwɔ mu. Kasa ahorow a wobɛtumi akyerɛ ɛne: Akuapem, Asante, Fante.

From left to right: John Deere 7800 tractor with Houle slurry trailer, Case IH combine harvester, New Holland FX 25 forage harvester with corn head.

Kuayɛ mfiri fa mfiri nhyehyɛe ne mfiri a wɔde yɛ kua anaa kuayɛ foforo ho. Nnwinnade a ɛtete saa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, efi nsaano nnwinnade ne anyinam ahoɔden nnwinnade so kosi trakta ne afuw mu nnwinnade ahorow a enni ano a wɔtwe anaa wɔde di dwuma so. Wɔde nnwinnade ahorow ahorow di dwuma wɔ kuayɛ a wɔmfa nnuru nni dwuma wom ne nea wɔmfa nnuru nni dwuma wom nyinaa mu. Titiriw fi bere a mfiri a wɔde yɛ kua bae no, kuayɛ mfiri yɛ sɛnea wɔma wiase no aduan no fa a ɛho nhia. Wobetumi abu kuayɛ mfiri sɛ ɛyɛ kuayɛ mfiridwuma a ɛtrɛw a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so no fa, a nea ɛka ho ne dijitaal mfiri a ɛkɔ anim kɛse ne robɔt.[1] Bere a kuayɛ robɔt ahorow wɔ tumi a ɛbɛma anammɔn atitiriw abiɛsa a ɛka ho wɔ kuayɛ adwuma biara mu (a wɔhwehwɛ yare, gyinaesi ne nea wɔyɛ) no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so no, wɔde mfiri a wɔde mfiri di dwuma a wɔtaa de di dwuma titiriw di dwuma de yɛ anammɔn a wɔde yɛ adwuma a nnipa na wogyina so hwehwɛ yare no mu na wosi gyinae no nkutoo wɔ nea wɔahu ne osuahu ho[1].

Efi benkum kɔ nifa: John Deere 7800 tractor a Houle slurry trailer wom, Case IH combine harvester, New Holland FX 25 forage harvester a atoko ti wom.

Abakɔsɛm

Mfiridwuma mu Ɔsesɛw no

Bere a Mfiridwuma mu Ɔsesɛw no bae na wɔyɛɛ mfiri a ɛyɛ den kɛse no, akwan a wɔfa so yɛ kua no nyaa nkɔso kɛse.[2] Sɛ́ anka mfiri a ɛwɔ ntwahonan de nsa bɛtwa aburow denam agyan a ano yɛ nnam so no, wotwitwaa baabi a ɛkɔ so daa. Sɛ́ anka mfiri a wɔde twitwiw aburow no twitwa aburow no denam nnua a wɔde bɛbɔ so no, na ɛtetew aba no fi ne ti ne nhaban no ho. Trakta ahorow a edi kan no puei wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 awiei. [3]

Steam Tumi

A German combine harvester by Claas

Germanfo bi a wɔde twa nneɛma a wɔde bom yɛ adwuma a Claas yɛe

Mfiase no na nantwi anaa mmoa afoforo a wɔyɛn wɔn na wɔde anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ kuayɛ mfiri ma. Bere a wɔyɛɛ anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ nsuonwini no, engine a wotumi fa so bae, na akyiri yi engine a ɛtwetwe nneɛma, ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma pii, a wɔde fa baabiara a na ɛyɛ keteke a ɛde nsuonwini di dwuma no wɔfase a ɛwea fam no bae. Kuadwuma mu mfiri a wɔde nsu a ɛyɛ hyew yɛ no gyee anantwinini twetwe adwuma a emu yɛ duru no, na na wɔde afiri a wɔde twe ade a ebetumi ama mfiri a egyina hɔ ahoɔden denam abɔso tenten a wɔde bedi dwuma so nso ahyɛ mu. Na mfiri a wɔde nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew na ɛyɛ adwuma no ahoɔden sua wɔ nnɛyi gyinapɛn mu nanso ɛnam ne kɛseɛ ne ne gya a ɛba fam nti, na ɛtumi ma drawbar twetwe kɛseɛ. Mfiri a wɔde nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew tu mmirika brɛoo no maa akuafoɔ kaa sɛ trakta wɔ ahoɔhare mmienu: "brɛoo, ne damn slow".

Engine ahorow a wɔde hyew nneɛma wɔ mu

Engine a ɛhyew wɔ nipadua no mu; nea edi kan no, petrol engine, ne akyiri yi diesel engine; bɛyɛɛ nea ɛde trakta awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ no nya ahoɔden fibea titiriw. Saa engine ahorow yi nso boaa ma wɔyɛɛ combine harvester ne thresher a ɛyɛ ne ho, anaasɛ combine harvester (a wɔatwa no tiaa nso sɛ ‘combine’). Sɛ́ anka saa mfiri yi betwitwa aburow nnua no na wɔde akɔ afiri a wɔde yiyi nneɛma a enhinhim mu no, na wotwitwa aburow no, woyiyiw, na wɔtetew mu bere a ɛkɔ so tu wɔ afuw no mu nyinaa.

Kuayɛ Mfiri Ahorow

Tractor ahorow a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Trakta na ɛyɛ adwuma dodow no ara wɔ nnɛyi afuw mu. Wɔde piapia/twe nnwinnade—mfiri a wɔde yɛ asase, dua aba, na ɛyɛ nnwuma afoforo. Nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ afuw siesie asase no ma dua denam asase no a ɛsansan na ekum nwura anaa afifide a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di akan no so. Nea wonim no yiye ne plow, tete adwinnade a John Deere yɛɛ no foforo wɔ 1838 mu. Mprempren wɔmfa plow nni dwuma kɛse wɔ U.S. sɛnea na ɛte kan no, na wɔde offset disks di dwuma mmom de dannan asase no, na wɔde chisels di dwuma na ama wɔanya bun a ɛho hia na ama nsu no akɔ so atra hɔ.

Ɔka Bom

A John Deere cotton harvester at work in a cotton field

John Deere kotoku twafo bi a ɔreyɛ adwuma wɔ kotoku afuw mu

Combine yɛ afiri a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛtwa aburow nnɔbae ahorow yiye. Edin no fi sɛnea ɛka otwa adwuma anan a ɛsono emu biara—otwa, awiporow, boaboa, ne wim—ka bom yɛ ade biako no mu. Nnuadewa a wɔde combine twa no bi ne awi, aburow, oats, rye, atoko, atoko (atoko), sorghum, soyabeans, flax (linseed), owia-nsoromma ne rapeseed

Duafo a Wodua Nnɔbae

Wɔfrɛ aba a wɔtaa de gu aba no sɛ dua a wɔde dua aba, na ɛma aba no ntam kwan yɛ pɛ wɔ toatoa so atenten, a mpɛn pii no ɛda ntam yɛ anammɔn abien kosi abiɛsa. Wɔnam drills so dua nnɔbae bi, na ɛma aba pii dum wɔ toatoa so a wɔn ntam kwan nnu anammɔn biako, na ɛde nnɔbae kata afuw no so. Wɔn a wɔde nnuadewa gu afuw mu no yɛ adwuma a ɛne sɛ wobedua nnuadewa akɔ afuw mu no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ adwuma so. Esiane sɛ wɔde plastic a wɔde ayɛ nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua, wɔn a wɔde dua dua foforo, ne wɔn a wɔde nnuadewa gu mu no de plastic atenten to hɔ, na wodua fa mu ara kwa.

Nneɛma a wɔde petepete nneɛma so

A British crop sprayer by Lite-Trac

Sɛ wodua wie a, wobetumi de kuayɛ mfiri afoforo te sɛ mfiri a wɔde petepete wɔn ho a wɔde petepete nneɛma so adi dwuma de apete so ne nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa. Kuadwuma mu aduru a wɔde petepete so yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so bɔ nnɔbae ho ban fi nwura ho denam nnuru a ekum wura, nnuru a ekum fungi, ne nnuru a ekum nkoekoemmoa a wɔde di dwuma so. Nnuadewa a wɔde petepete so anaasɛ wodua no yɛ akwan a wɔfa so fra nwura a enyin. [4]

Balers ne kuayɛ nnwinnade afoforo

Nnuadewa a wodua Wobetumi de hay balers adi dwuma de ahyɛ sare anaa alfalfa mu denneennen ma ayɛ nea wobetumi de asie ama awɔw bere mu asram no. Nnɛyi nsu a wɔde gugu nnɔbae so no gyina mfiri so. Engine, pɔmpɛ ne nneɛma titiriw afoforo ma nsu ntɛmntɛm na ɛdɔɔso kɔ asase akɛse so. Wobetumi de nnwinnade ahorow a ɛte saa ara te sɛ kuayɛ mu aduru a wɔde petepete nneɛma so adi dwuma de nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae ne nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa akɔma.

Tractor no da nkyɛn a, wɔayɛ kar afoforo a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ kuayɛ mu, a lɔre, wimhyɛn, ne helikopta ka ho, te sɛ nea wɔde fa nnɔbae ne nnwinnade a wɔde tu kwan, kɔ wim a wɔde petepete nneɛma so ne mmoakuw a wɔhwɛ so.

Mfiridwuma foforo ne daakye

Nsɛm titiriw: Digitals kuayɛ ne Precision kuayɛ

New Holland TR85 a wɔde twa nneɛma a wɔaka abom

Mfiridwuma titiriw a wɔde yɛ kuayɛ mfiri no nsakrae kɛse wɔ afeha a atwam no mu. Ɛwom sɛ ebia nnɛyi otwafo ne wɔn a wodua no bɛyɛ adwuma pa anaasɛ wɔayɛ nsakrae kakra afi wɔn a wodii wɔn anim no ho de, nanso nnɛyi nneɛma a wɔaka abom no da so ara twa, twitwa, na ɛtetew aburow mu wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara a wɔayɛ bere nyinaa no so. Nanso, mfiridwuma resakra ɔkwan a nnipa fa so de mfiri no di dwuma, efisɛ kɔmputa so nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so, GPS a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛma trakta ne nnwinnade a ɛkɔ akyiri sen biara no tumi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛnsɛe sika pii wɔ pɛtro, aba, anaa aduannuru a wɔde di dwuma mu. Daakye a ɛda yɛn anim no, ebia wɔbɛyɛ trakta a karkafo nni mu pii, a wɔde GPS asase mfonini ne ɛlɛtrɔnik sensor ahorow di dwuma.

Kuadwuma mu nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so

Amanaman Nkabom no Aduan ne Kuadwuma Ahyehyɛde (FAO) kyerɛkyerɛ kuayɛ mu adwuma a wɔde wɔn ankasa yɛ mu sɛ mfiri ne nnwinnade a wɔde di dwuma wɔ kuayɛ mu de ma wɔn yare a wɔhwehwɛ, gyinaesi anaa wɔn adwumayɛ tu mpɔn, ɛtew kuayɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ den so ne/anaasɛ ɛma bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no tu mpɔn, na ebetumi aba sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, a ɛfa kuayɛ dwumadi ahorow ho. [5]

Yebetumi abɔ mfiridwuma mu nkɔso a aba wɔ kuayɛ mu no mua denam nsaanodwuma a wɔde di dwuma nkakrankakra so kɔ mmoa a wɔtwetwe so, kɔ mfiri a wɔde mfiri yɛ so, kɔ dijitaal mfiri so ne awiei koraa no, kɔ robɔt a wɔde nyansa a wɔde ayɛ (AI) so. Mfiri a wɔde mfiri yɛ a wɔde engine ahoɔden di dwuma no ma wɔyɛ kuayɛ adwuma te sɛ afuw, aba a wɔde gu fam, aduannuru a wɔde ma, nufusu a wɔde ma, aduan a wɔde ma ne nsu a wɔde gugu nnɔbae so no yɛ adwuma. Ɛdenam dijitaal mfiri a wɔde yɛ adwuma a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so so no, ɛbɛyɛ nea wobetumi nso de afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ yare no mu na wɔasi gyinae. Sɛ nhwɛso no, robɔt a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae a wɔyɛ wɔn ho tumi twa nnɔbae na wɔtow aba, na drones tumi boaboa nsɛm ano de boa ma wɔde input application yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so.[1][5] Mmom no, wobetumi adan trakta ayɛ no kar a wɔde afiri yɛ a etumi gu afuw mu wɔ ahofadi mu.[1]e

Kuayɛ Nnwinnade a wɔabue ano

Apache Sprayer a ɛyɛ ne ho a Equipment Technologies yɛe

Akuafo pii bo afuw esiane sɛ wontumi nsiesie mfuw mu nnwinnade foforo a wɔde mfiridwuma mu nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn di dwuma no nti. [6] Eyi fi nnwumakuw a wɔde adwene mu agyapade ho mmara di dwuma de siw akuafo kwan sɛ wobenya mmara kwan so hokwan sɛ wosiesie wɔn nnwinnade (anaasɛ wobenya nsɛm no na ama wɔatumi ayɛ). [7] Wɔ Ɔkɔtɔberɛ 2015 mu no wɔde ahofadie bi kaa DMCA ho sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtumi ahwɛ na wɔayɛ nsakraeɛ wɔ softwea no mu wɔ kar ne kar foforɔ a kuayɛ mfiri ka ho. [8]

"Open Source Agriculture" kuw no kan nnwuma ahodoɔ ne ahyehyɛdeɛ te sɛ Farm Labs a ɛyɛ nkitahodiɛ wɔ Europa, [9] l’Atelier Paysan a ɛyɛ adwumakuo a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ akuafoɔ a wɔwɔ France sɛdeɛ wɔsi na wɔsiesie wɔn nnwinnadeɛ, [10] [11] ne Ekylibre a ɛyɛ adwumakuo a ɛbue ano a ɛbɛma akuafoɔ a wɔwɔ France no open source software (SaaS) a wɔde bɛhwɛ kuayɛ adwumayɛ so. [12] Wɔ United States no, MIT Media Lab no Open Agriculture Initiative hwehwɛ sɛ ɛbɛma "wɔbɛbɔ abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom a wɔabue ano a ɛfa mfiridwuma ho a ɛma wotumi yɛ nea ɛda adi pefee, nkitahodiɛ mu sɔhwɛ, nwomasua, ne hyper-local production" Ɛyɛ Ankorankoro Aduan Kɔmputa, nkyerɛkyerɛ adwuma a wɔde bɛyɛ "abɔde a atwa yɛn ho ahyia kuayɛ mfiridwuma kwan a wɔahyɛ so a ɛde robɔt nhyehyɛe di dwuma de hwɛ wim tebea, ahoɔden, ne afifide nyin so na wɔhwɛ so wɔ dan titiriw bi a enyin mu". Ɛka Open Phenom, [13] nwomakorabea a wɔabue ano a ɛwɔ data a wɔabue ama wim tebea ho aduane ho akwankyerɛ a ɛde afifideɛ phenotype mmuaeɛ (sɔ, aduanenuru) bata nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsakra, abɔdeɛ mu nkwaadɔm, awosuo ne nneɛma a ɛfa ho a ɛhia ma kua (input) ho ). [14] Afifide a awosu yɛ pɛ no fi awosu mu betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ kɔla, ne kɛse, ne nwene, sɛnea enyin, ne aba, ne dɛ, ne aduannuru a ɛwɔ mu sɛnea nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔyɛ no te.

Manufacturers

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AGCO

Agrale

Al-Ghazi Tractors

Algerian Tractors Company

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Carraro Agritalia

Case IH

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Claas

CNH Industrial

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Escorts Limited

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TAFE

TYM

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Zoomlion

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Kane Nnwuma Kuo

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Case Corporation

Ferguson-Brown Company

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