Kente (Nwentoma)

- Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
Nnwentoma yɛ din a wɔde frɛ kente wɔ Akanfoɔ nkuro mu.[1] Wɔnya kente yi firi slikyi ne asaawafuturu berɛ a wɔn anwene ntoma no nteatea de abomu ama no ayɛ kɛse mua. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ kente ntoma yi sɛ toga wɔ Asantefoɔ ne Anwonafoɔ mu. Wɔ Asante abakɔsɛm mu no kente abɔseɛ firi Bonwire a ɛwɔ Asante Mantam mu. Kente ntoma yi wɔ ɛnnɛ Ghana baabiara a wɔde di dwuma sononko a ama kente ntoma yi ho ahia pa ara.
Sɛneɛ kente ntoma agye din nti, abibrim atɔeɛ afanan nyinaa ɔmo nwini kente yi bi hɔ a ɛretrɛ akɔ abibrim nyinaa. Wɔnwene kente de di dwuma wɔ sukuu mu.[2]
Akanfoɔ nkuro ahodoɔ a wɔwɔ Gaana, Abibiman Atɔe no ɛdi kente ho dwuma pa ara. Saa nkuro no bi ne Asanteman Bonwire, Adanwomase, Sakora Wonoo ne Ntonso. Saa nkuro yi nyinaa wɔ Kwabre wɔ Asanteman. Nnipa a wɔwɔ Anafo- Apue, Mfinimfini me Atifi mantam nso fura kente.[3]
Kente Abɔseɛ
[sesa]Edin kente no fi asemfua kenten wɔ Asante kasa mu. Akanfoɔ frɛ kente nwentoma a ase kyerɛ sɛ ntoma a wɔn anwene. Kane no, na ɛyɛ Akanfoɔ ahenfo ntoma a na ahemfo no fura no dapɔn nna nkotoo afei nso na wonni ho agorɔ koraa. Nanso mmerɛ kakra yi de, nnipa pii fura kente a wonni ho agorɔ koraa de nnidi a ɛsɛ ma ntoma no.[4]
Abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ anuanom baanu a yɛfrɛ wɔn Opoku Kyrɛbo ne Kwaakye Ameyaw na adwuma paa wɔyɛ ne sɛ wɔkɔ wura kɔkum mmoa(Abɔmmɔfoɔ). Anuanom yi sane so yɛ kua ka ho. Da bi na wɔkɔɔ wɔn afuom sɛ ɔrekɔdɔ na wɔhunuu ananse sɛ ɔrenwene ne buo. Anuanom yi hwɛɛ aboa yi saa ara sɛdeɛ aboa no reyɛ no. Da koro anuafoɔ yɛɛ wɔn adwene sɛ wɔde deɛ wɔhunuiɛ no bɛyɛ adwuma. Wɔkɔɔ wuram kɔfaa ɛdoa ahoma de bɛnwene hwɛɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yie anaa? Wɔyɛɛ no mpre nnan ansa na ɛreyɛ yie.
Abibirem atɔeɛ mufoɔ dodo no nwene ntoma bɛyɛ mfeɛ apem nie. Akiɔlɔgye ma no dan no ade sɛ wɔahu nnoɔma a wɔde nwene ntoma no bi wɔ Ghana anaafoɔ fa mu wɔ Begho ne Bono Manso. Nnua ne tokuro a awɔ hɔ firi 14th–18th centuries. Wɔ Wenchi, wɔhunuu no 16th–17th centuries.[5]
Asante abakɔsɛm ma sɛdeɛ kente faa so bae, wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnipa baanu bi a wɔfiri Bonwire wɔn na wɔde loom a ɛwɔ Asante a ɛfiri Bono Gyaman wɔ Nana Oti Akenten ahenie berɛ so wɔ 17th century. Ebinom nso kyerɛ sɛ saa nnipa baanu yi na ɛde baeɛ wɔ Bonwire wɔ nana Osei Kofi Tutu I, ahennie mu. Ɔno na ɔgye too mu maa wɔde dii dwuma. Wɔ afe 18th century, Asantehene Opoku Ware I maa Danish ntam gyinafoɔ ne L.F. Rømer, tintimm maa ɛhyɛɛ wɔn kuran maa adweneɛ adwuma no mu bae.[6] Asantehene sii mfididwuma maa sɛ wɔmfa nwene kente no bi wɔ n'ahenie mu.[7]
Wɔ afe 18th ne 19th centuries ahyɛaseɛ na Kente a yɛde ahoma pa nwene no atim wɔ Asante. Wɔ afe 1817, Thomas Edward Bowdich hunuu sɛ kente a yɛanwene agyina ma wɔtumi nwene no ahosuo nyinaa mu a ɛso na ɛmu nso yɛduru. Asɛmfua kente bae berɛ a Fantefoɔ adwadifoɔ de frɛ Asantefoɔ ntoma.[8]
Prodahyen
[sesa]Wɔakyekyɛ Kente nwene mu akɔ akuo mmiɛnsa mu, ɛnonom ne; kente ntoma papa paa no yɛn nananom na wɔde wɔn nwene. Deɛ ɛtɔ so mmienu ne deɛ wɔde mfidie atintim, mfidi nnwuma bi te sɛ Vlisco ne Akosombo Textile Ltd, ne beaeɛ a wɔnwene kente paa a ɛwɔ China na wɔde ma Abibirem atɔeɛ fa mu foɔ. Kente papa no boɔ yɛden kyɛn deɛ aka no na ne boɔ gyina sɛdeɛ wanwene no.[9]
kente ntoma papa no wɔyɛ no nkuro yi so; Bonwire, Sakora Wonoo, Ntonso, Safo ne Adawomase saa nkuro yi nyinaa wɔ Asante mantam mu.
Nnoɔma a wɔde nwene kente
[sesa]Wɔde nnua nkumaa na wɔde nhoma nteatea bebree sensan so a wɔde kekabom. Kentenwonefoɔ nyinaa wɔ wɔn a wɔresua afiri wɔn mpanimfoɔ hɔ a wɔde mfeɛ bebree sua ansa na wɔatumi anwene wɔn ankasa kente. Wɔnwene kente no nkumaa nkumaa de kyerɛ ne papa a kente no yɛ.[10]
Bɔbea su nya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ kente adwuma no mu. Kente nwono yɛ mmarima adwuma a wɔyɛ.[11]
Deɛ kente ahosuo gyina hɔ ma
[sesa]- Tuntum: ɛgyina hɔ ma honhom mu ahoɔden, nananom honhom, tumidie, awerɛhoɔdie ne ayiyɔ.
- Bibire: asomdwoe, koroyɛ ne ɔdɔ
- Green: vegetation, planting, harvesting, growth, spiritual renewal
- Agudeɛ: adehyeyɛ, ahonya, tumi a ɛwɔ soro, anionyam ne honhom mu ahoteɛ
- Ɛdwene: ayaresa ne retew wo ho
- Kɔkɔɔ: gyina hɔ ma amanyɔsɛm ne honhom mu, afɔrebɔ ne owuo.
- Fitaa: gyina hɔ ma ahoteɛ, adwora ne afahyɛ adwuma
- Akokɔsradeɛ: gyina hɔ ma adeɛ a ɛsom bo, adehyeyɛ, ahonya, ne ahoɔfɛ
Biribi su
[sesa]Adweneasa ka kente ntoma ahorow no bi.[12] Ne nnwene no yɛ soronko efiri sɛ wɔto wɔn bo hyehyɛ nhoma no yie de hyɛ kwan biara aka ne nwene no mu. Akanfoɔ pɛ kente a, wɔhwehwɛ no fi din a ɛdaso titiriw ansa na wɔnahwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ tumtum, kɔkɔɔ anaa fitaa ansa na sɛnea ne nwene no te. Mpɛn pii no, kente hu mu gyina "pattern" a ɛda mu wɔ ne tenten nwene no mu nanso ɛyɛ a, nsonsonoe ketewa bi na ɛda kente no din ne ne nwenebea mu. Akwan ahorow a wɔnya din de to kente so no bi fi kasakoa, nneɛma titiriw bi a ɛsi, ahenfo atitiriw, ahenfo maame ne nnua mu. Ne saa nti, ntoma no gyina hɔ ma ade a, ɛdi mu.[13]
"Abibire Atɔe" dii kan nyaa wɔn ntoma nwene kwan mmere pii a atwam. Na wɔnwene fa "strip weave" kwan so. Nanso, Akanfo abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ, wɔn de, wɔhyɛɛ, ase nwene wɔankasa ntoma a obiara anfi baabi ankyerɛ wɔn sɛnea wɔ nwene ntoma. Kente ntoma ahyɛase fi Akan-Asanteman mu wɔ Ghana. Kente ntoma nwene fii ase wɔ Akanfo tete ɔman kɛse Bonoman. Akanfoɔ ahorow a wɔ fii Bonoman no kɔ kyekyee wɔn nkurow nketekete. Ayigbefo a ɛwɔ ɔman Ghana mu gyidi sɛ kente hyɛɛ ase fii wɔn hɔ na ɛmmom akwan a wɔfa so nwene ade mfitiase de ennfi wɔn hɔ. Ayigbefo yi san kase edin "Kente" no fi asemfua "Kete" a , asekyerɛ ( bue ne mia ɔwɔ wɔn kasa mu sɛnea wɔnwene kente wɔ ne dua so no.
Dwuma a yɛde kente di
[sesa]Ɛnnɛ yi, wɔde kente di dwuma bebree wɔ dwumadie bi te sɛ, Dwaba ase ne graduehyan ase. Suapɔn ahodoɔ bi te sɛ, Florida A&M suapɔn hyɛ adesua kente.[14] Saa suapɔn tuntum yi nam kente ntoma so dan abirem adweneɛ adi. Amammerɛ mu no, sɛ wode kente ntoma tea a yɛde gu yɛn kɔn mu yɛ graduehyan wɔ suapɔn mu yɛ kwan baako a yɛnam so rekyerɛ abibire ne yɛn nwene adwene, Abibire nyansa ne abakɔsɛm ne amammerɛ a ɛfa Abibire adwenie ho. Asuafoɔ de kente gu wɔn kɔn mu berɛ a wɔreyɛ graduehyan a ɛbɛsesa wɔn nnipa akɔ ateasefoɔ mu, ɛbɛma wɔn ahome wɔ mmɛbuo mu.
Kente Ntoma Ahodoɔ din
[sesa]Kente ntoma gu edin ahodoɔ pii, ebi kasa fa abrabɔ ho, yadeɛ ho, ne ade. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ Akanfoɔ totoo kente ntoma yi edin fa berɛ korɔ no mu nsɛnsɛm ne deɛ na wɔnam mu. Kente edin ahodoɔ no bi na ɛdidi soɔ yi;
- Akosombo nkanea: Wɔnwenee saa kente yi afe apem ahankron aduosia (1960) mu.
- Ɔhene aforo hyɛn: Wɔnwenee saa kente yi afe apem aha-nnwɔtwe aduonkron nsia(1896) mu. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ, berɛ a na British ne Asante redi ako no na wɔn kyeree Nana Prɛmpɛ I no saa kente no na na ɛfura no maa no de kɔeɛ.
- Ɛdwene si dwene so
- Adwene asa
- Ɛmmerepa da w'anim
- Ɔbaa pa
- M'akoma so adɛ
- Fatia fata Nkrumah
- Wosene wo yɔnko a ɔtan wo
- Ɛmmaa da
- Sika frɛ mogya
- Awerɛkyekyerɛ
- Asaasaawa
Baabi a menyaa mmoa
[sesa]- ↑ https://muse.jhu.edu/book/40715 (2025-05-08), "Kente cloth", Wikipedia (in English), retrieved 2025-05-22
{{citation}}: External link in(help)|last= - ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56484264 (2025-05-08), "Kente cloth", Wikipedia (in English), retrieved 2025-05-22
{{citation}}: External link in(help)|last= - ↑ https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/741751637 (2025-05-08), "Kente cloth", Wikipedia (in English), retrieved 2025-05-22
{{citation}}: External link in(help)|last= - ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=JolJRG_-5ecC&pg=PA28 (2025-05-08), "Kente cloth", Wikipedia (in English), retrieved 2025-05-22
{{citation}}:|last=has generic name (help); External link in(help)|last= - ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=QKD_VNQ0MF4C (2025-05-24), "Kente cloth", Wikipedia (in English), retrieved 2025-05-25
{{citation}}:|last=has generic name (help); External link in(help)|last= - ↑ Philip Atsu Afeadie (2013), "Beginnings of Ewe and Asante Weaving", Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana, no. 15, pp. 27–38, ISSN 0855-3246, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ "Rowman & Littlefield", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-04-01, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ Joseph K. Adjaye, Adrianne R. Andrews (1997-03-15), Language, Rhythm, and Sound: Black Popular Cultures into the Twenty-first Century (in English), University of Pittsburgh Pre, ISBN 978-0-8229-7177-1, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ Bonwire Kente Weaving Village - Tourism in Ghana,Touring Ghana, Visiting Ghana (in American English), 2016-03-26, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ "JSTOR", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-05-19, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ Boatema Boateng (2011-04-05), The Copyright Thing Doesn't Work Here: Adinkra and Kente Cloth and Intellectual Property in Ghana, University of Minnesota Press, doi:10.5749/minnesota/9780816670024.003.0007, ISBN 978-0-8166-7002-4, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ Kente Cloth : History and Culture | WorldCat.org (in English), retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ "ISBN", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-04-28, retrieved 2025-05-25
- ↑ James Padilioni Jr (2017-05-22), The History and Significance of Kente Cloth in the Black Diaspora - AAIHS (in American English), retrieved 2025-05-25