HIV/AIDS
Babasoweremfoɔ (HIV)[1][1][1] yɛ retrovirus[2] a ɛtow hyɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no so. Wobetumi de ayaresa adi ho dwuma. Sɛ wɔannya ayaresa a ebetumi de tebea ahorow bi aba a nea ɛka ho ne acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).[1] Ayaresa a etu mpɔn a wɔde ma nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV (nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV) no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde siw mmoawa no ano wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu bedzi dwuma, na ɛma wontumi nhu mmoawa no dodow. Aduru biara nni hɔ a wɔde bɛbɔ HIV ho ban anaa aduru biara nni ho ebetu yare no ase. Obi a ɔwɔ HIV a ɔrenya ayaresa betumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ ɔbɛtra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ, na wawu esiane mmoawa no, ɛnyɛ ne de. Wɔkamfo ayaresa kyerɛ bere a wɔahu yare no ara pɛ.
Obi a ɔwɔ HIV a ɔwɔ mmoawa dodow a wontumi nhu, esiane ayaresa a wɔde bere tenten ayɛ no nti no nni asiane biara sɛ obenya HIV wɔ nna mu. Ɔsatu ahorow a UNAIDS ne ahyehyɛde ahorow a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa ayɛ no aka eyi ho asɛm sɛ wotumi nhu =a wontumi mfa nkɔma afoforo .[1]
Sɛ wɔannya ayaresa a, ɔyare mmoawa no betumi asiw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no kwan, na awiei koraa no, akɔ so ayɛ AIDS, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a, egye mfe pii. Wɔ ɔyare mmoawa a edi kan akyi no, ebia ankorankoro bi renhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara, anaasɛ obenya yare a ɛte sɛ influensa bere tiaa bi.[1] Saa berɛ yi mu no, ebia onipa no renhunu sɛ ɔwɔ HIV, nanso ɔbɛtumi de mmoawa no akɔ nnipa mu. Mpɛn pii no, saa bere yi akyi no, wɔde bere tenten a wɔde hyɛ mu a wɔnhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara.[1] Awiei koraa no HIV yareɛ no ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bɛnya nyarewa foforɔ te sɛ nsamanwaw, ne yareɛ foforɔ a ɛma hokwan, ne akisikuru a ɛntaa nsi wɔ nnipa a wɔn nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no mu no yɛ kɛseɛ.[1] Mpɛn pii no, bere a ɛba akyiri no nso nnipa no mu duru so tsew . Sɛ wɔannya ayaresa a,obi a ɔwɔ HIV betumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ ɔbɛtra ase mfe dubiako(11).[1] Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no ntɛm, betumi akyerɛ sɛ ebia ayaresa ho hia na ama wɔagyae yare no nkɔso yi na wɔasiw afoforo a obetumi de yare no asan wɔn no ano kwan.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne Ne Sɛnkyerɛnne Ahorow[sesa]
HIV yareɛ no akwan titire mmiɛnsa ɛfa so trɛw na ɛwɔ hɔ: ɔyareɛ a emu yɛ den, ayaresabea a ɛkyɛ, ne AIDS. Ade titiriw a edi kan: ɔyare mmoawa a emu yɛ den, Onipa honam ani mfonini a, wɔakyerɛw HIV yare a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne asɛm a, ɛtaa ba Nsɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya HIV a emu yɛ den no, wɔfrɛ bere a edi kan a ɛba bere a obi anya HIV akyi no HIV a emu yɛ den, HIV a edi kan anaasɛ retroviral syndrome a emu yɛ den.[1][1] Ankorankoro pii nya influensa a ɛte sɛ yare, mononucleosis anaa glandular fever wɔ adapɛn 2–4 akyi wɔ bere a afoforo nni sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biara.[33] Nsɛnkyerɛnne no ba wɔ 40–90% mu na ɛtaa ba ne atiridiinini, ntini akɛse a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, menewa mu ɔfe, akisikuru, tiyɛ, ɔbrɛ, ne/anaasɛ ano ne awotwaa mu akuru.[1][1] Akisikuru no, a ɛba wɔ 20–50% mu no, da ne ho adi wɔ dua no so na ɛyɛ maculopapular, classically.[1] Nnipa binom nso nya nyarewa a ɛma wonya hokwan wɔ saa bere yi mu.[[1] Yafunu mu sɛnkyerɛnne, te sɛ ɔfe anaa akisikuru betumi aba.[1] Ntini mu sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ntini a ɛwɔ akyi anaa Guillain–Barré syndrome nso ba.[1] Bere tenten a sɛnkyerɛnne no di no gu ahorow, nanso ɛtaa yɛ adapɛn biako anaa abien.[1]
Ade titiriw a ɛto so abien: ayaresabea mu latency nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no akyi no, ɔfa bi a wɔfrɛ no clinical latency, asymptomatic HIV, anaa HIV a enni sabea di akyi.[1] Sɛ wɔannya ayaresa a, HIV yareɛ no abɔdeɛ mu abakɔsɛm mu ɔfa a ɛtɔ so mmienu yi tumi di bɛyɛ mfeɛ mmiɛnsa[1] kɔsi bɛboro mfeɛ aduonu[1] (sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, bɛyɛ mfeɛ awotwe).[1] Bere a mpɛn pii no, mfiase no sɛnkyerɛnne kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ koraa no, bere a ɛrebɛn saa fa yi awiei no, nnipa pii nya atiridiinini, wɔn mu duru so tew, yafunu mu haw ne ntini mu yaw.[1] Nnipa 50% kosi 70% nso nya lymphadenopathy a ɛkɔ so daa, a nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ ntini mu ntini bɛboro kuw biako (a ɛnyɛ nea ɛwɔ asen mu) no trɛw a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu, a ɛnyɛ yaw bɛboro asram abiɛsa kosi asia.
Ade titiriw a ɛto so abiɛsa: AIDS onipa honam ani mfonini a wɔakyerɛw AIDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba AIDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw, wɔkyerɛ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ase sɛ HIV yareɛ a CD4+ T nkwammoaa dodoɔ nnu nkwammoaa 200 wɔ μL biara mu anaasɛ nyarewa pɔtee bi a ɛbata HIV yareɛ ho.[1] Sɛ ayaresa pɔtee biara nni hɔ a, nnipa a wɔanya HIV no mu bɛyɛ fa nya AIDS wɔ mfe du ntam.[1] Mfitiaseɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba a ɛbɔ kɔkɔ sɛ AIDS wɔ hɔ ne pneumocystis pneumonia (40%), cachexia a ɛyɛ HIV wasting syndrome (20%), ne esophageal candidiasis.[1] Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a ɛtaa ba ne ɔhome mu yare a ɛsan ba bio.[1]
Nkrasɛm a wɔde ma[sesa]
HIV nam akwan titiriw abiɛsa so na ɛtrɛw: nna mu nkitahodi, nipadua mu nsu anaa ntini ahorow a ɔyare no wom a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu kɛse, ne ɛna a efi ɛna so kɔ abofra so bere a ɔyinsɛn, awo, anaa ɔma nufu (a wɔfrɛ no vertical transmission).[1] Asiane biara nni hɔ sɛ obi benya HIV, sɛ ɔde ne ho hyɛ nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ, hwene mu nsu, nnompe, ahurututu, fifiri, nusu, nsu, anaa ɔfe mu gye sɛ mogya ayɛ eyinom ho fĩ.[1]