Ahokeka
Ahokeka(ɛsane de "pruritus") ɛyɛ atenka a ɛma wo ho yɛ hene na ɛsan ma wo titi wo ho .[1] Mpen pii no ahoɔhene pɛ sɛ ɛbɛka atenka a nipadua no wɔ no mu baako nanso anyɛ yie. Ahoɔhene wɔ nsosoesoɔ bebree a ɛne honamyaw sɛ, ɛnam sɛ ne nyinaa ɛnyɛ atenka a ɛma anigyeɛ nti, wɔn nneyɛe sesa wɔ akwan bebree so. Honamyaw ma w'ani ba wo ho so ntɛm ɛna ahoɔhene nso ma wo titi wo ho ma no watiri. [2]
Ntini a ɛwɔ ɛnam nipadua no mu kɔ adwenemu nso yɛ hene na yaw wei nyinaa ba honam ani; bio, adwuma a wɔn nyinaa di ne sɛ wɔn boaboa wɔn ho wɔ nipadua no beaeɛ baabi na wɔn nyinaa fa ntini ne "spinothalamic tract"[3]
Nkyekyɛmu
[sesa]Mpen pii no, nipadua baabi faako na wonnya saa atenka no.Sɛ ɛtɔ honam no ho nyinaa a, ɛna yɛfrɛ no ahotitiɛ anaa sɛ ahoɔhene .[4]
Sɛ atenka a ɛwɔ ahoɔne mu toa so bɛyɛ nnawɔtwe nsia anaa deɛ ɛboro saa a ɛna yɛfrɛ no yadeɛ koankorɔ.[4][5] Yadeɛ koankorɔ yɛ kwan a ahoɔhene tena nipadua mu boro nnawɔtwe nsia, adekorɔ a ɛdeba pɔtee no deɛ nhyenda nna adi pɔtee.[6][7]
Deɛ ɛde ba
[sesa]Nsaeɛ
[sesa]- Honam dwidwie ba wɔ beaeɛ a ahodidie wɔ fam.
- Cutaneous larva migrans, ɛyɛ honam ani yarewa .
- "Head lice", ɛtumi ba wo kon ne wotiri ho nnam no nko ara.
- Herpes, ɛyɛ yareɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri.
- Mmoa keka, ɛbi tesɛ deɛ ɛfiri ntontom anaa sakasaka.
- Pubic lice, sɛ aba wɔ ɔbaa baa ho anaa ɔbarima barima ho.
- Scabies, mpen pii no, sɛ ɛkɔba sɛ nnipa pii ɛben na wɔn nyinaa anya ahoɔhene no bi.
- Nwii ayie, a ɛtumi de honam ani nsaansaa ba.
- Swimmer's itch, a short-term immune reaction
- Varicella – i.e. chickenpox, prevalent among young children and highly contagious
- Tungiasis, ectoparasite of skin
Atenaeɛ ne Ho yadeɛ
[sesa]- Allergic reaction sɛ wo ne nnuro bɔne bi adi ahyea sɛ ebia, urushiol, yɛnya firi awuduro mu ɛna Balsam of Peru, yɛnnya no nnuane ahodoɔ mu.[8][9] Nnyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a nhwehwɛ mu na yɛde hunu .[10][11]
- Foreign objects on the skin are the most common cause of non-pathological itching.
- Photodermatitis – sunlight reacts with chemicals in the skin, leading to the formation of irritant metabolites.
- Urticaria (also called hives) usually causes itching.
Honam ani nnyarewa
[sesa]- Dandruff; an unusually large amount of flaking is associated with this sensation.
- Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma, a group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the palms and soles.
- Skin conditions (such as psoriasis, eczema, seborrhoeic dermatitis, sunburn, athlete's foot, and hidradenitis suppurativa). Most are of an inflammatory nature.
- Scab healing, scar growth, and the development or emergence of moles, pimples, and ingrown hairs from below the epidermis.
- Xerosis: dry skin, frequently seen in the winter and also associated with older age, frequent bathing in hot showers or baths, and high-temperature and low-humidity environments.
Nnyarewa ahodoɔ ni
[sesa]- Diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar
- Hyperparathyroidism, overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH)[12]
- Iron deficiency anemia, a common anemia (low red blood cell or hemoglobin levels)
- Cholestasis, where bile acids leaking into the serum activate peripheral opioid receptors, resulting in the characteristic generalized, severe itching
- Jaundice, where excess bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia) irritates nerves in the skinNhwɛsoɔ:Citation needed
- Malignancy or internal cancer, such as lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease[13]
- Polycythemia, which can cause generalized itching due to increased histamines
- Psychiatric disease ("psychogenic itch", as may be seen in delusional parasitosis)
- Thyroid illness
- Uraemia – the itching sensation this causes is known as uremic pruritus
Medication
[sesa]- Drugs (such as opioids) that activate histamine (H1) receptors or trigger histamine release
- Chloroquine, a drug used in the treatment and prevention of malaria
- Bile acid congeners such as obeticholic acid
Related to pregnancy
[sesa]- Gestational pemphigoid, a dermatosis of pregnancy
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs
- Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), a chronic hives-like rash
Other
[sesa]- Menopause, or changes in hormonal balances associated with aging
- Terminal illness[14]
Kwan a yɛfa so ma no kɔ
[sesa]Aman ahodoɔ pii de nnuro ahodoɔ de aba sɛ ahokeka aduro. Nnua bi nso a yɛhunu nso tumi sa saa yadeɛ no nnua no bi nte saa. Kwan a yɛfa so ne sɛ , yɛreka aduro no hye ne ade.
Nnuro no bi ye sɛ krem ne supree wɔ mmeaɛ a wɔtɔn nnuro. Nnuro a yɛtumi de nsɛm na ɛyɛ nso wɔ hɔ. Nnoɔma a edi mu akotene paa no wɔ saaa ekuo a edidi soɔ yi mu:
- Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl)[15]
- Corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone topical cream; see topical steroid
- Counterirritants, such as mint oil, menthol, or camphor[16]
- Crotamiton (trade name Eurax) is an antipruritic agent available as a cream or lotion, often used to treat scabies. Its mechanism of action remains unknown.
- Local anesthetics, such as benzocaine topical cream (Lanacane)
Phototherapy is helpful for severe itching, especially if caused by kidney failure. The common type of light used is UVB.[17]
Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
[sesa]- ↑ Andersen HH, Elberling J, Arendt-Nielsen L (September 2015). "Human surrogate models of histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 95 (7): 771–777. doi:10.2340/00015555-2146. PMID 26015312.
- ↑ Ikoma A, Steinhoff M, Ständer S, et al. (July 2006). "The neurobiology of itch". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 7 (7): 535–547. doi:10.1038/nrn1950. PMID 16791143. S2CID 9373105.
- ↑ Greaves MW, Khalifa N (October 2004). "Itch: more than skin deep". International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 135 (2): 166–172. doi:10.1159/000080898. PMID 15375326. S2CID 13376216.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Molkara S, Sabourirad S, Molooghi K (July 2019). "Infectious differential diagnosis of chronic generalized pruritus without primary cutaneous lesions: a review of the literature". International Journal of Dermatology. 59: 30–36. doi:10.1111/ijd.14587. PMID 31364165. S2CID 198998956.
- ↑ Harrison IP, Spada F (July 2019). "Breaking the Itch-Scratch Cycle: Topical Options for the Management of Chronic Cutaneous Itch in Atopic Dermatitis". Medicines. 6 (3): 76. doi:10.3390/medicines6030076. PMC 6789602. PMID 31323753.
- ↑ Erickson S, Nahmias Z, Rosman IS, Kim BS (July 2018). "Immunomodulating Agents as Antipruritics". Dermatologic Clinics. 36 (3): 325–334. doi:10.1016/j.det.2018.02.014. PMID 29929604. S2CID 49336771.
- ↑ Hinkle JL, Cheever KH (2018-08-30). Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (in English). Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd. p. 1269. ISBN 978-93-87963-72-6.
- ↑ Pfützner W, Thomas P, Niedermeier A, et al. (2003-02-20). "Systemic contact dermatitis elicited by oral intake of Balsam of Peru". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 83 (4): 294–295. doi:10.1080/00015550310016599. PMID 12926805.
- ↑ Usatine RP, Riojas M (August 2010). "Diagnosis and management of contact dermatitis". American Family Physician. Aafp.org. 82 (3): 249–255. PMID 20672788. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
- ↑ Byers, Jerry P. (2006). Metalworking Fluids (Second ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 142001773X.
- ↑ Feingold BF (1973). Byers JP (ed.). Introduction to clinical allergy. the University of Michigan. ISBN 0398027978.
- ↑ LaBagnara, James. eMedicine –Hyperparathyroidism. emedicine.com
- ↑ Botero F (June 1978). "Pruritus as a manifestation of systemic disorders". Cutis. 21 (6): 873–880. PMID 657843.
- ↑ Siemens W, Xander C, Meerpohl JJ, et al. (November 2016). "Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD008320. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008320.pub3. PMC 6734122. PMID 27849111.
- ↑ Andrade A, Kuah CY, Martin-Lopez JE, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (January 2020). "Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD013128. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013128.pub2. PMC 6984650. PMID 31981369.
- ↑ Hercogová J (2005). "Topical anti-itch therapy". Dermatologic Therapy. 18 (4): 341–343. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x. PMID 16297007. S2CID 31573591.
- ↑ Botero F (June 1978). "Pruritus as a manifestation of systemic disorders". Cutis. 21 (6): 873–880. PMID 657843.