Adwumayɛ
- Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
Adwumayɛ ne sɛ wo nya sika ho mfasoɔ afiri adwuma a woreyɛ mu.[1][2][3] Wɔ saa nkyerɛaseɛ yi mu no, wobu adwumayɛ sɛ nsakraeɛ, na mpɛn pii no ɛde ɔhaw a ɛboro deɛ wɔtaa hyia wɔ adwuma mfitiaseɛ mu, a ebɛtumi ayɛ nneɛma afoforɔ a ɛsom bo na ɛnyɛ sikasɛm.
Adwumayɛni yɛ obi a ɔyɛ anaasɛ ɔde ne sika hyɛ adwuma baako anaa deɛ ɛboro saa mu, ɔde ne ho to ammaneɛ dodoɔ mu na ɔnya akatua dodoɔ no ara mu anigyeɛ.[4] Adeyɛ a wɔde hyehyɛ adwuma no, wɔfrɛ no adwumayɛ "entrepreneurship" . Wɔtaa hu adwumayɛni sɛ obi a ɔyɛ nneɛma foforɔ, ɔyɛ obi a ɔnya adwene foforɔ, nneɛma, nnwuma, ne adwumayɛ/anaasɛ akwan foforɔ.
Nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛyɛ nketewa dodoɔ no ara akyerɛ adwumayɛ ase sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma foforɔ ho nhyehyɛeɛ, hyɛ aseɛ na wɔhwɛ so a ɛtaa te sɛ adwuma ketewa bi, anaasɛ "tumi ne ɔpɛ a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔbɛnya nkɔsoɔ, nhyehyɛeɛ na wɔadi adwumayɛkuo a ɛka ho ne ɔhaw biara a ɛwɔ mu de nya mfasoɔ. [5] Wɔtaa frɛ nnipa a wɔbɔ saa nnwuma yi sɛ "nnwumayɛfoɔ".[6][7] Nkyerɛaseɛ ahodoɔ a ɛfa adwumayɛ ho no taa twe yɛn adwene si nnwuma a wofi aseɛ ne deɛ wɔde di dwuma so no, ɔhaw kɛseɛ a ɛwɔ adwuma a wofi ase mu nti, ɛsɛ sɛ nnwuma a wɔrefi ase no fa kɛseɛ bi to mu esian “sika a wonnya, adwumayɛ ho gyinaesi bɔne, aban nhyehyɛeɛ, sikasɛm mu ahokyerɛ, gua so ahwehwɛdeɛ a ɛnni hɔ, anaasɛ wei nom nyinaa a wɔaka abɔm.[8]
Wɔ sikasɛm mu no, edin adwumayɛni di dwuma ma adwumakuo a ɛwɔ tumi a ɛkyerɛ nneɛma a wɔayɛ anaa mfiridwuma ase kɔ nneɛma ne nnwuma mu.[9] Wɔ saa nteaseɛ yi mu no, adwumayɛ kyerɛkyerɛ nnwuma a nnwumakuo a wɔatew ne nnwuma foforɔ nyinaa ara mu ase.
Adwewne a nkorɔfoɔ ɛwɔ fa adwumayɛ ho[sesa]
Wɔ afe ɔha a ɛto so dubaako (21st) yi mu no, amanaman ahodoɔ abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ nnwumayɛ ho nkuran, ne nnwumayɛ amammerɛ nso, a wɔwɔ anidasoɔ sɛ ɛbɛma sikasɛm mu nkɔsoɔ atu mpɔn anaasɛ ɛbɛkanyan sikasɛm mu nkɔsoɔ, ne akansie. Berɛ a sikasɛm a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde ma ho no baa awiei no, na ɛsɛ sɛ adwumayɛ boa ma sikasɛm kɔ n'anim.[10] Wɔ nnwumasua afa mu no, adwumayɛ gye adwenekyerɛ ahodoɔ. Wɔasua ho ade wɔ nteaseɛ ahodoɔ te sɛ adwumayɛ, sikasɛm, asetena ho adesua, ne sikasɛm ho abakɔsɛm mu.[11][12] Ebinom bu adwumayɛ sɛ wɔde ama adwumayɛfoɔ no. Saa nwomanimfoɔ yi taa de wɔn adwene si deɛ adwumayɛfoɔ no yɛ, ne su ahodoɔ a adwumayɛfoɔ wɔ (hwɛ sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no atwereɛ a ɛwɔ asɛmti ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha no ase).
Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ wei sɛ adwumayɛ kwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma.[13] Afoforɔ nso twe wɔn ho fi ankorankoro adwuma ho dane wɔn adwene hwɛ adwumayɛ nhyehyɛeɛ no so na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nkitahodie a ɛda adwumakuo ne nsɛm a ɛfa ho ntam no mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ saa kwan yi sɛ "processual" kwan,[13] anaasɛ nsɛm a ɛfa ho dane/ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma.[14][2]
Nsaano nnwuma[sesa]
Nsaano nnwuma (a efi Latin kasa mu vocatio ‘ɔfrɛ, frɛ’[15]) yɛ adwuma a obi hyɛda sua ne titiriw anaasɛ wɔatete no anaasɛ ɔnim yɛ. Nnipa binom fa adesuafoɔ nkyerɛkyerɛ so tumi de nkaebɔ a ɛfa adwumasua ho to dwa.[16] Ɛwom sɛ mprempren wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ nyamesom mu de, nanso nteaseɛ ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ asɛmfua no mu no fii ase wɔ Kristosom mu.
Adwenpɔ[sesa]
Adwene a ɛfa Nsaano nnwoma ho no yɛ ade titiriw wɔ Kristofoɔ gyidie mu ɛne sɛ, Onyankopɔn abɔ onipa biara akyɛde ne ne talente a ɛfa atirimpɔw pɔtee bi ɛfa n'asetena mu ne n'abarabɔ ho. Wɔ nteaseɛ a ɛmu dɔ mu no, sɛdeɛ wɔaka wɔ Katolek Asɔre no Katekism mu no, Nsaano nnwuma yɛ ɔdɔ ne fapem ne awosu a nnipa dasani biara wɔ ma no".[17]
Nea ɛkɔ akyiri no, wɔ Apuei Fam Ortodɔk ne Katolek Asɔre ahodoɔ mu no, wɔde nsaano adwuma ho adwene yi bata ɔsoro ɔfrɛ a wɔde ma sɛ wɔnsom asɔre no ne adasamma denam adwumayɛ asetene mu bɔhyɛ pɔtee te sɛ aware a wɔde ma onipa pɔtee bi, ahosohyira sɛ nyamesom mu ahosohyira, asɔfodie som adwuma a wɔhyɛ no sɔfoɔ wɔ Asɔre no mu ne asetena kronkron mpo sɛ onipa korɔ no wɔ abusuabɔ titiriw bi a. Wɔ ntease a ɛtrɛ mu no, deɛ ɛka Kristofoɔ nsaano nnwuma no bi ne obi a ɔde n'adom akyɛdeɛ bedi dwuma wɔ wɔn adwuma mu, abusua asetena mu, asɔre ne ɔmanfoɔ bɔhyɛ ahoroɔ mu de aboa nnipa nyinaa yedie.
Ɛnnɛ mmerɛ yi mu nsaano nnwuma[sesa]
Efi berɛ a mfiridwumayɛni Frank Parsons de Adwumayɛ ho Akwankyerɛ sii hɔ wɔ afe apem ahankron ne nnwɔtwe (1908) mu no, edin "nsaano adwuma" a wɔde di dwuma no anya nkɔsoɔ, na wɔda so dua kɔ ankorankoro bi talente ne ne tumi a obenya wɔ adwuma bi a ɔpɛ ne anigyie a obenya wɔ mu.[18]
Adwumayɛ nteteeɛ ne nnwomasua[sesa]
Michelacci ne Schivardi yɛ nhwehwɛmufoɔ baanu a wogye di sɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda adwumayɛfoɔ bi sika a wɔnya ne nhomasua gyinabea ntam na wɔde toto ho a, ɛbɛma wɔahu sɛdeɛ wɔdi nkonim kɛseɛ. Wɔn nhwehwɛmu no twee adwene sii nhomasua gyinabea mmienu so, kɔlege abodin krataa ne adesua akyi abodin krataa.
Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ[sesa]
- ↑ Diochon, Monica; Anderson, Alistair R. (1 March 2011). "Ambivalence and ambiguity in social enterprise; narratives about values in reconciling purpose and practices". International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 7 (1): 93–109. doi:10.1007/s11365-010-0161-0. hdl:10059/613. ISSN 1555-1938. S2CID 144081539.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gaddefors, Johan; Anderson, Alistair R. (1 January 2017). "Entrepreneursheep and context: when entrepreneurship is greater than entrepreneurs". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 23 (2): 267–278. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0040. hdl:10059/2299. ISSN 1355-2554.
- ↑ Alvarez, Sharon A.; Busenitz, Lowell W. (1 December 2001). "The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory". Journal of Management. 27 (6): 755–775. doi:10.1177/014920630102700609. ISSN 0149-2063. S2CID 220587830.
- ↑ "Entrepreneur: What It Means to Be One and How to Get Started". Investopedia. Retrieved 25 December 2022
- ↑ "Business Dictionary definitionyuuggtygn". Business Dictionary. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ↑ AK Yetisen; LR Bob Volpatti; AF Coskun; S Cho; E Kamrani; H Butt; A Khademhos\\seini; SH Yun (2015). "Entrepreneurship". Lab Chip. 15 (18): 3638–3660. doi:10.1039/c5lc00577a. PMID 26245815.
- ↑ Katila, Riitta; Chen, Eric L.; Piezunka, Henning (7 June 2012). "All the right moves: How entrepreneurial firms compete effectively" (PDF). Strategic Entrepreneurship JNL. 6 (2): 116–132. doi:10.1002/sej.1130. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ↑ Belicove, Mikal E. (2 August 2012). "How to Properly Close Your Business".
- ↑ Audretsch, David B.; Bozeman, Barry; Combs, Kathryn L.; Feldman, Maryann; Link, Albert N.; Siegel, Donald S.; Stephan, Paula; Tassey, Gregory; Wessner, Charles (2002). "The Economics of Science and Technology". The Journal of Technology Transfer. 27 (2): 157. doi:10.1023/A:1014382532639. S2CID 143820412.
- ↑ Alina Hyz; Marzanna B. Lament; Sławomir I. Bukowski, eds. (2021). Competitiveness and Economic Development in Europe: Prospects and Challenges. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000373288.
- ↑ Monica Lindgren; Johann Packendorff (1 January 2009). "Social constructionism and entrepreneurship: Basic assumptions and consequences for theory and research". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 15 (1): 25–47. doi:10.1108/13552550910934440. ISSN 1355-2554.
- ↑ Helle Neergaard; John P. Ulhøi (2007). Handbook of Qualitative R Methods in Entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781847204387.
- ↑ Lena Olaison (2014). Entrepreneurship at the limits. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Business School (CBS). ISBN 9788793155251.
- ↑ Friederike Welter (1 January 2011). "Contextualizing Entrepreneurship: Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward". Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 35 (1): 165–184. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00427.x. ISSN 1042-2587. S2CID 153467294.
- ↑ Richard A. Muller, Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House Company, 1985), s.v. "vocation."
- ↑ "Orientation". Merriam-Webster
- ↑ "Catechism of the Catholic Church – part 3, section 2, chapter 2, article 6". The Holy See. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- ↑ Douglas J. Schuurman; Vocation: Discerning Our Callings in Life (Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2004) ISBN 978-0-8028-0137-1 pages 5 & 6