Abrus precatorius
| has use | medicinal plant  |
|---|---|
| short name | A. precatorius |
| taxon name | Abrus precatorius |
| taxon rank | species |
| parent taxon | Abrus |
| has fruit type | silique |
| NatureServe conservation status | secure |
| maintained by WikiProject | WikiProject Invasion Biology |
| taxon author citation | L. |
| GRIN URL | https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=739 |
Abrus precatorius(Obirekuaiura ) Ɛyɛ afifide a ɛwɔ Fabaceae abusua mu(family Fabaceae). Ɛyɛ dua a ɛyɛ nketenkete na ne nhaban yɛ tenten, na ɛyɛ nketenkete a ɛbɔ nnua, nnua nketewa, ne nnua a wɔabɔ ho ban ho.
Afifide no yɛ aba a eye sen biara, a wɔde yɛ nhwiren ne nnwinnade a wɔde bɔ nnwom, na ɛyɛ awudur. Sɛ panyin anaa abofra di na aba no bi a ebetumi akum wɔn.[1] Ɛyɛ afifide a ɛwɔ Asia ne Australia[2].
Edin ahorow[sesa]
Wɔ Afrika no, wɔfrɛ Abrus precatorius sɛ Ojuologbo (Yoruba), Oto-berebere (Igbo), Idonzakara (Hausa) ne Nneminua (Ib) wɔ Nigeria [3] kesee fam atɔe ne obirekuaiura wɔ Ghana[4]
Abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia[sesa]
Abrus precatorius(Obirekuaiura) yɛ afifide a ɛkɔ so tu kɛse wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kosi mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wɔ hɔ. Nnipa na wɔde aba bae na nnomaa na wɔtrɛw aba ɛhyeren a ɛyɛ den no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so aduonu no awiei no, wɔkaa no sɛ ɛyɛ nwura bɔne bi wɔ mmeae pii a ebi ne Belize, Caribbean Nsupɔw, Hawaii, Polynesia ne United States asasepɔn no afa bi. Berɛ a Abrus precatorius nnua no anyini abɛyɛ akɛseɛ wɔ tebea pa mu no, wɔn ntini a emu dɔ no yɛ den paa sɛ wɔbɛyi. Nnuro bi te sɛ (glyphosate) yɛ adwuma, nanso ɛhia sɛ wɔde di dwuma yiye, sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ bɔne sen papa.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma[sesa]
Agudeɛ[sesa]
Abrus precatorius aba no ho hia paa wɔ ɔman no mu agudeɛ mu esiane ne kɔla a ɛyɛ hyerɛn nti. Aba dodow no ara yɛ tuntum ne kɔkɔɔ, a ɛte sɛ ɔwansan, nanso kɔla afoforo nso wɔ hɔ. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hu sɛ wɔde jequirity aba bɛyɛ agudeɛ. Amanneɛbɔ pii wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔboaboa aba no ano de bɔ so no betumi anya awuduru anaa mpo wɔawu esiane ntontom bi a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho so nti, nanso ɛte sɛ nea adanse kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔ Intanɛt so nhwehwɛmu bi mu no, wohuu nyansahu mu nsɛm 265 a ɛfa Abrus precatorius ho, nanso emu biara nni hɔ a ɛfa adwuma mu awuduru ho.
Wɔ Trinidad a ɛwɔ West Indies no, wɔde aba a ne kɔla yɛ hyerɛn no hyɛ nkatabo mu de bɔ wɔn nsa anaa wɔn ankuru ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛpam jumbies anaa ahonhommɔne ne ani bɔne. Tamilfo no de Abrus aba ahorow a ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow di dwuma. Nkyea kɔkɔɔ a aniwa tuntum wɔ mu no na abu so, nanso nkyea tuntum, fitaa ne ahabammono nso wɔ hɔ. Wɔ Ɔpɛnimaa bosome no mu wɔ afe2011 mu no, wɔyii bracelets a wɔde jequirity bean a Eden Project ne mmeae afoforo a ɛwɔ UK tɔn no fii dwa.[5]
Nhyehyεeε a wɔde susuw[sesa]
Abrus precatorius aba ahorow no yɛ pɛ wɔ ne duru mu, mpo wɔ nsu mu tebea ahorow mu esiane aba no ho ntini a nsu ntumi mfa mu nti.[6]
Sɛ́ akode[sesa]
Sɛnea 1898 King's American Dispensary kyerɛ no,
Abrus aba no ne nea Chamàr anaa "Native Skinner" caste a ɛwɔ India no nam so de awuduru a ɛyɛ bɔne gu anantwi so de hyɛ wɔn ho ban. Eyi yɛ no nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn nketewa a wɔfrɛ no sui (nsera) anaa sutari (nsɛnkyɛn), a wɔyɛ no denam nsu a wɔde gu nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔabobɔ no so, na afei wɔama akode no awu wɔ owia mu, a ɛno akyi no wɔde ngo hyɛ no mu na wɔtwe wɔ ɔbo so, wɔde hyɛ nsa mu, na afei wɔde to aboa no honam ani.
Wɔ afe 1881 mu no, ɔmantam polisi panyin a ɔwɔ Bengal a na Britain di so no kyerɛw sɛnea na wɔyɛ sutari no de kunkum anantwi ne sɛnea wɔkum nnipa bɛyɛ nsia ho asɛm. Ɔman ba bi a wɔhyɛɛ no bɔ sɛ wɔbɛtew ne asotwe so esiane sɛ ɔde awuduru a ano yɛ den maa obi a ɔne no te akuraa no mu nantwinini no nti, de kyerɛe sɛ obetumi ayɛ saa. Nea edi kan no, na wɔpae nkuku kɔkɔɔ anaa fitaa a ɛwɔ akyi no mu wɔ abo mu, na afei wɔde nkuku aduasa anaa aduanan a ɛwɔ akyi no hyɛ nsu mu simma du. Wɔde saa aba yi yɛɛ nkuku, na wɔkyekyeree no yɛɛ nkuku nsia a emu biara ano yɛ ɔtweaa biako, na wɔde guu nsasanten abiɛsa biara ano, na "wɔmaa owia hyee no kakra" ma ɛmenee, na ɛno akyi no, aba no san yɛɛ den kakra te sɛ kan no. Wɔ saa kyerɛwtohɔ yi mu no, wɔkaa sutaries no ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ nkuku a wɔde aba a ayɛ den no na ɛyɛe. Wɔhwɛe sɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no ano yɛ den anaa, na sɛ ɛho behia a, wɔde ɔboɔ a ɛtwe kɔ no ano na wɔsan de sii hɔ bio. Awiei koraa no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛrenyɛ mmerɛw no, "wɔde siee mmoa ngo bi mu anadwo" de yɛɛ no nea ɛmma nsu nkɔ mu. Wɔ sɔhwɛ a Ɔpanyin Ramsay kae sɛ wɔnyɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ te sɛ owu a wɔyɛ wɔ sum ase no, ɔdeduani no de nkatabo abien a ne tenten yɛ nsateaa a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 1.5 a na wɔde bɛhyɛ nsa mu de abobɔ ntama bi a wɔatrɛw so wɔ nnua no mu. Wɔhwehwɛɛ "Brahmanee anantwinini" a ɔretwa kwan, na ɔdeduani no de sutari no kɔɔ fam wɔ ɔfasu biako mu na ɔsan kɔɔ ɔfasu foforo no mu, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔbɛtete mponkyerɛne a ɛwɔ aboa no honam mu no, na afei ɔde ne honam no aka ntini no a abubu no ho a ankyerɛ sɛ wɔapira no. Wɔsan yɛɛ saa ara, na wɔsan de nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn abien kaa aboa no tɛkrɛma ase. Ɔpɔnkɔ no wui wɔ nnɔnhwerew 34.5 akyi, na ankyerɛ sɛ na ne ho akyekyere no, na mmom ne ho akyekyere kakra wɔ kuru no so, a na ne hwiren no asa wɔ bere a owui no.[7]
1890 Pharmacographia Indica no de kyerɛwtohɔ, a egyina ɔfa bi so wɔ adwuma a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no so, a ɛkyerɛ sutaris anaa suis no (nsԑmfua no yɛ pɛ, a egyina ɔmantam so, ne nea edi kan a egyina ade no nsusuwso so a ɛne obubuafo bi ahaw no yɛ pɛ). Ɔkyerɛ sɛ sutaris no tenten yɛ sɛntimita 3 ne fa, na emu duru yɛ nketenkete a ne kɔla yɛ fitaa kɔkɔɔ, na ɔkyerɛ sɛ ne nsa ano tenten yɛ sɛntimita 3 kɔsi 3.5 na wɔtaa de mpuran mmienu a wɔde bamboo dua ayɛ, a ne ntokuru tenten yɛ sɛntimita 1 ne fa kɔsi 3 ne fa, na ne ntokuru no da adi wɔ ano biako ma wɔde sutaris foforo gu mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔde Calotropis gigantea nufusu a ɛyɛ nufusu na ɛyɛ akode no, na ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a na wɔde dade a ɛne mercury, dhatura, aconite, ne/anaa arsenic ka ho. Ɛde ka ho sɛ "sɛ obi bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛtwe sutari no afi ho denam mpopaho a ɛda adi no so a, ɔtete no, na wɔgyaw ne fa bi wɔ apira no mu". Ɔbarima bi a wɔde sutaris mmienu bi bɔɔ no kum no wui nnansa akyi; obiako nso a na wɔatumi ayi ne honam mu nneɛma no fii ne mu no wui nnansa akyi esiane sɛ ɔyare bi a wɔfrɛ no tetanus bɔɔ no nti. Wɔkae sɛ wokum nnipa yi mu biako a, na ne bo yɛ rupee 16.5; na wɔde wɔn a wokum wɔn no too afiase wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa.[8]
Wɔ atetesɛm mu ayaresa mu[sesa]
Wɔ atetesɛm mu aduruyɛ mu no, wɔde abrus precatorius, a wɔfrɛ no "Gulaganji" wɔ Kannada, kundu mani wɔ Tamil, Guruvinda ginja wɔ Telugu ne 'Kunni kuru' wɔ Malayalam, adi dwuma wɔ Siddha aduruyɛ mu mfehaha pii ni. Wɔde emu fitaa no yɛ ngo bi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛma ɔbarima ne ɔbea ani gye. Wɔde n'ahaban no yɛ tii de sa ahoɔhyeɛ, ɛkoɔ ne ɔyadeɛ. Aba no yɛ awuduru, enti sɛ wɔhye no wie a, na wɔadi. Na Tamil Siddhars nim nnua mu awuduru nkɛntɛnso no, na wɔkyerɛɛ akwan horow a wɔfrɛ no "suththi seythal" anaa ahotew. Wɔyɛ eyi denam aba no a wɔhyehyɛ wɔ nufusu mu na afei wɔoma so. Te sɛ nea ɛte wɔ castor ngo ho no, sɛ wɔde protein a ɛyɛ awuduru no ma ɔhyew a ano yɛ den a, ɛdan awuduru no, na ɛmma no nyɛ bɔne.[9]
Nhoma a wɔato din 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia' a wɔtintimii wɔ afe 1889 mu no bɔ amanneɛ sɛ: "Wɔde dua yi ntini di dwuma wɔ India sɛ nea wɔde si liquorice ananmu, ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ nwini kakra de. Wɔ Java no, wobu ntini no sɛ ɛyɛ biribi a ɛretwa. Sɛ wɔde nnuaba no ka ɛwo ho a, wɔde di yare, na wɔ Jamaica no, wɔde di dwuma de si tii ananmu. Wɔ "Jequirity" din ase no, nnansa yi wɔde aba no adi dwuma wɔ aniwa yare mu, na wɔde adi dwuma akyɛ wɔ India ne Brazil.[10]
Mfonini Ahorow[sesa]
-
Aba ahorow a ɛyɛ fitaa. -
Abrus precatorius'' nhaban ne nhwiren -
Abrus precatorius' nhwiren -
"Abrus precatorius" aba -
-
Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii[sesa]
- ↑ player_list
- ↑ {{Citation |title=Abrus precatorius L. {{!} Plants of the World Online {{!} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:469605-1 |language=en |access-date=2024-06-08}}
- ↑ player_liist
- ↑ Ram J. Singh, ed. (2011), "Medicinal Plants of Ghana", Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement, CRC Press, doi:10.1201/b11177-14/medicinal-plants-ghana-ram-singh, ISBN 978-0-429-09361-6, retrieved 2024-06-08
- ↑ "Eden Project recalls tropical seed bracelets", BBC News (in British English), 2011-12-23, retrieved 2024-06-08
- ↑ Rajender Kumar Sharma, Ali Bajwa (2021-01), "Physical seed dormancy in Abrus precatorious (Ratti): a scientific validation of indigenous technique", Experimental Results (in English), vol. 2, pp. e8, doi:10.1017/exp.2020.64, ISSN 2516-712X, retrieved 2024-06-08
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ player_list
- ↑ William Dymock (1890), Pharmacographia indica. 3 vol, University of Michigan, London, etc, retrieved 2024-06-08
- ↑ Abrus precatorius L. (PIM 001), retrieved 2024-06-08
- ↑ https://primo-slnsw.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=SLNSW_ALMA21105097830002626&context=L&vid=SLNSW&search_scope=EEA&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US (in English), retrieved 2024-06-08
{{citation}}: External link in|title=