Anacardium occidentale
| has use | afforestation, fruit, medicinal plant, aduane  |
|---|---|
| short name | A. occidentale |
| taxon name | Anacardium occidentale |
| taxon rank | species |
| parent taxon | Anacardium |
| taxon synonym | Anacardium curatellifolium |
| has fruit type | nut |
| this taxon is source of | cashew nut, cashew apple, cashew oil |
| IUCN conservation status | Least Concern |
| maintained by WikiProject | WikiProject Invasion Biology |
| taxon author citation | L. |
| GRIN URL | https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=3060 |
Atea yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ Atɔeɛ fam a wɔfrɛ no Anacardium occidentale a ɛwɔ Anacardiaceae abusua no mu. Ɛfiri South America, ɛso yɛ frɔmfrɔm na ɛhɔ na wɔnya atea aba ne atea aduaba no firi. Dua no tenten bɛtumi aduru mita dunan (14 metres), nanso nnɔbaeɛ a ɛyɛ nketenkete no tumi nyini bɛyɛ mita nsia (6 metres), na ɛso aba pii. Wɔtumi di cashew aba no bi, na wɔdi no sɛ nnuane a ɛnyɛ den, wɔde yɛ nnuane bi tesɛ atea cheese anaa cashew butter. Mpɛn pii no, wɔfrɛ no 'cashew' kɛkɛ. Atea bɛtumi ama obi anya nyarewa a ɛfiri protein a ɛwɔ n'aba no mu.
Wɔ Afe Mpem mmienu ne dunkron (2019) mu no, wɔtwaa nnɔbaeɛ tɔn Ɔpepem nnan wɔ wiase nyinaa, na Ivory Coast ne India na wɔdua cashew nnɔbaeɛ no a ɛsene ɔman biara. Sɛ́ anka wɔde nnua no bɛyɛ aduaba ne aba no, wɔde di dwuma wɔ akwan foforo so. Cashew aba no ho ntini no ma wɔnya nneɛma bi a wɔbetumi de adi dwuma wɔ nneɛma pii mu te sɛ, lubricants, waterproofing, paints ne nneɛma a wɔde siesie akodeɛ, a wɔde firii aseɛ wɔ Wiase Ko a ɛtɔ so mmienu (World War II) no mu. Cashew aba no yɛ aba a ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ , na wobetumi de ne ntini ne ne nsuo ayɛ nsa dɔkɔdɔkɔ na wɔde yɛ nsa a ano yɛ den nso ma no yɛ yie.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu[sesa]
Cashew dua no yɛ kɛseɛ na ɛyɛ ahabammono, na ne tenten yɛ mita 14, na ne dua yɛ tiawa a ɛntaa nyɛ fɛ. 2] N'ahaban ahodoɔ no yɛ nkatabo, na ne ho te sɛ aboa nwoma, na ne tenten yɛ 4 - 22 cm (1+1⁄2 - 8+3⁄4 inches) na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ 2 - 15 cm (3⁄4 -6 inches), na ano yɛ fɛfɛɛfɛ. Nhwiren no yɛ nketewa a ne tenten yɛ 26 cm (10 in); nhwiren no mu biara yɛ ketewa, ne ho yɛ ahabammono, na afei ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ne nhwiren no yɛ nketenkete num a ne tenten yɛ mmirimma 7 - 15 (1⁄4 - 5⁄8 in). Cashew dua a ɛso sene cashew biara wɔ wiase no trɛ bɛyɛ 7,500 m2 (81,000 sq ft), na ɛwɔ Natal a ɛwɔ Brazil man mu.
Cashew adua ba no yɛ aba a ɛboa (ɛno na ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no pseudocarp anaa atorɔ aba).[3][4] Nea ɛte sɛ aduaba no yɛ biribi a ɛte sɛ akutuo anaa aburosiam, hypocarpium, a efiri aduaba no nhwiren no mu ba.Wɔfrɛ no cashew apple, na wɔtaa frɛ no marañón wɔ Central America, na ne kɔla ɛyɛ akokɔ sradeɛ anaa kɔkɔɔ a ne tenten bɛyɛ anamɔn num kɔsi du baako (5–11 cm (2–41⁄4 in).
Cashew dua no aba ankasa yɛ akuro anaa akuturuku a ɛte sɛ akuturuku a ɛso wɔ cashew apple no ano. Drupe a ɛdi kan nyini wɔ dua no so na afei ne nhini no trɛ ma no bɛyɛ cashew apple . Drupe no yɛ aba no ankasa, aba bi a ɛwɔ n'aboboano. Aba no atwa ho ahyia wɔ dua mu a ɛwɔ "phenolic resin" a ɛtumi ma obi nya nsanyareɛ mu "anacardic acid" a ɛtumi hyɛ honam ani so a ɛne urushiol oil a wonim no, a ɛwɔ poison ivy ne lacquer dua mu.
Nkyekyɛmu ne atenaeɛ[sesa]
Saa nnɔbaeɛ yi firi Brazil Atifi Apueɛ fam, na akyire yi Portuguese akwantufoɔ kyekyɛɛ no wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ afe 1500 mu. Portugalfoɔ a wɔtenaa Brazil no firii aseɛ tɔn cashew nnua no wɔ afe 1550 no mu. [ 15] Portugalfoɔ fa de kɔɔ Goa a kane no na ɛyɛ Estado da Índia Portuguesa India wɔ 1560 ne 1565 ntam. Ɛfiri hɔ no, ɛtrɛ kɔɔ Asia Anaafoɔ-Apueɛ fam nyinaa na akyire koraa no na ɛtrɛ kɔɔ Afrika.
Ɔtwa(Cultivation)[sesa]
Wɔdua cashew dua no wɔ "tropics" mu wɔ 25°N ne 25°S ntam, na ɛyɛ papa wɔ asase kesee a ɔhyew wɔ hɔ a nsuo tɔ kɛse, baabi a mango ne tamarind nnua nso wɔ hɔ. 17] Cashew dua no tenten yɛ (kɔpem 14 m) na ɛgye mfeɛ mmiɛnsa ansa na afiri aseɛ anyini, ne mfeɛ nnwɔtwe ansa na wobetumi afiri aseɛ atwa nnɔbaeɛ no.
Nnua a aba foforɔ te sɛ dwarf cashew na nnua no tenten yɛ mita 6, na ɛfiri aseɛ yɛ nnua wɔ afe a ɛdi kan no akyi, na afiri aseɛ aso wɔ mfeɛ mmiɛnsa akyi. Cashew dua no yɛ tɔn 0.25 wɔ hekta baako mu, na nea ɛyɛ soronko koraa ne sɛ, cashew a ɛyɛ nketewa no yɛ tɔn baako wɔ hekta baako mu. Wɔde nnua a wɔde yɛ adwuma nnɛ no yɛ nnua foforɔ.
Nkɔsoɔ(Production)[sesa]
Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, wiase nyinaa nnɔbaeɛ a ɛyɛ cashew no (sɛso) yɛ tɔn ɔpepem 3.7 a Ivory Coast ne India na ɛdii anim, na wɔn nyinaa dodoɔ yɛ wiase nyinaa nnɔbaeɛ no mu 43%.