Voluntary Repatriation of Liberian Refugees from Ghana (Buduburam Camp)
Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu
Buduburam atutenafoɔ atenaeɛ a ɛwɔ Gomoa Apuei Mantam a ɛwɔ Ghana Mfinimfini Mantam no mu no abɛyɛ aguanfo a wɔwɔ Abibirem Atɔeɛ fam no nsɛnkyerɛnne titire. Wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1990 mu, na ɛhɔ na wɔgye Liberia atubrafoɔ mpempem pii a wodwane firii Liberia Ɔmanko a edi kan (1989-1997) ne Ɔmanko a Ɛto so Mmienu (1999-2003) no. Ɛwom sɛ ɔko no baa awieeɛ wɔ afe 2003 mu de, nanso Liberia atutenafoɔ a wɔsan wɔn kɔɔ wɔn kurom no kɔɔ so yɛɛ adwuma mfeɛ pii esiane bammɔ a wɔnni, ohia, ne mmoa kakra a wɔde boa wɔn ma wɔsan wɔn kɔɔ ɔman no mu nti[1][2].
Buduburam atenea no sie
[sesa]Ghana penee so sɛ wɔbegye Liberifoɔ a wɔhyɛ Amanaman Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuo (UNHCR) nsa no. Berɛ a na emu yɛ den paa no, na Liberiafoɔ bɛborɔ 42,000 na wɔte Buduburam[3][4]. Atenaeɛ no bɛyɛɛ baabi a na wɔda hɔ bere tiaa bi, na ɛdan baabi a wɔtena daa te sɛ kuropɔn a na sukuu, asɔre, ne nnwuma wom. Wɔwoo aguanfo no bi wɔ atrae hɔ na wɔtetee wɔn wɔ hɔ, na na wɔntraa Liberia da.
Nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔyɛɛ de maa wɔn a wɔsan akɔ wɔn man mu
[sesa]UNHCR firii Voluntary Repatriation Programme (VRP) ase wɔ afe 2004 mu, berɛ a wɔayi akodie agu na wɔde aban a ɛretwam asi hɔ wɔ Liberia no. Wɔ nhyehyɛeɛ no mu no, wɔmaa Liberiafoɔ no kwan sɛ:
- Wotuu wɔn ho ma wɔsan kɔɔ Liberia
- Keka wo ho wɔ Ghana
- Hwehwɛ baabi a wɔbɛsan atena wɔ aman a ɛnnyɛ EU mu (ne titiriw U.S. ne Canada)
Ɛfrir afe 2004 kɔsi afe 2012 mu no, Liberiafoɔ bɛborɔ 16,000 na wɔnam saa nhyehyɛeɛ yi so firi Ghana san kɔɔ wɔn man mu[1][2]. Wɔn a wɔsan baeɛ no:
- Wɔkɔ Liberia a wɔntua hwee
- Nneɛma a wɔde boa wɔn ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn asetena mu a sika a wɔde ma ne nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ afie mu ka ho
- Wɔne Liberia aban ne nnwumakuw a wɔnnyɛ aban adwumayɛfoɔ no yɛɛ nhyehyɛeɛ de boaa wɔn a wɔasan abɛka wɔn ho
Ɛmfa ho nkuranhyɛ ahodoɔ yi no, nnipa mpempem pii paa sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so atena Ghana, na wɔkaa sɛ wonni nneɛma a wɔde bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban, adwuma, ne bammɔ wɔ Liberia.
Atutenafoɔ dwumadie no baa awieeɛ
[sesa]Wɔ afe 2012 mu no, UNHCR no de Liberiafo atutenafoɔ gyinabea to hɔ wɔ Cessation Clause (Article 1C of the 1951 Refugee Convention) no mu, na wɔkae sɛ tebea a ɛma woguan no asesa koraa[1][2]. Wɔhyɛɛ atutenafoɔ a wɔtraa Ghana no nkuran sɛ wɔmfa:
- Atenae ho krataa (a wobetumi asesa no)
- Ɔmanbaaberɛ ho nkrataa (ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ den wɔ abrabɔ mu)
Ghana aban no hyiaa nsɛnnennen wɔ wɔn a wɔnni nkrataa a ɛkyerɛ wɔn kwan no gyinabea ho, na wɔn mu pii kɔɔ so tenaa Buduburam.
Nsakraeɛ a aba nnansa yi: Wɔredwiri atanaeɛ no
[sesa]Ɛfiri afe 2021 no, Ghana aban no ahyɛ nhyehyɛe ase sɛ wɔbɛsɛe Buduburam Camp, na ɔde nsɛm bi te sɛ:
- Nsɛmmɔnedi ne ahobammɔ a enni hɔ
- Atitiriw ne mpɔtam hɔfo nhyɛso
- Asase a wɔsan de ma ama nkɔsoɔ[5]
Ɔsɛe a na wɔabɔ ne tirim sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no maa Liberiafo mpempem pii ne Afrika Atɔe famfo a wɔda so te hɔ no ho dwiriw wɔn. Nnipa pii kyerɛe sɛ wosuro sɛ wɔbɛba abɛyɛ nnipa a wonni fie na wonni ɔman biara, titiriw wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ atrae hɔ anaa wɔnni mmara kwan so gyinabea wɔ Liberia anaa Ghana[6][7].
Berɛ a Liberiafoɔ binom apaw sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ fie wɔ IOM ne UNHCR mmoa mu no, wɔn a wɔresan akɔ wɔn kurom no da so ara fi wɔn pɛ mu, na ɔhaw a ɛfa wɔn a wɔresan akɔ Liberia no ho no da so ara ka nnipa pii koma.
Asetena mu haw a wɔhyiaeɛ
[sesa]Ɔhaw titire a wɔn a wɔsan ba no hyiaeɛ no bi ne:
- Akwan a Wɔfa So Nya Asetena Mu Anigye a Ɛsesa - Liberia sikasɛm da so ara yɛ mmerɛw, na adwuma a wonnya nyɛ pii wɔ hɔ.
- Afie ne Asase Ho Akasakasa - Wɔn a wɔsan ba no taa hu sɛ wɔafa wɔn agyapade anaa wɔasɛe no.
- Akwan a Wobɛfa so Anya Ɔsom Ahorow - Wɔn a wɔsan ba no hyia ɔhaw wɔ ayaresa, nhomasua, ne nkrataa a wɔde hu wɔn ho mu.
- Social Reintegration - Nnipa pii a wɔsan ba, titiriw mmofra a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Ghana, te nka sɛ wɔatu afiri Liberia amammerɛ ne ɔman no mu.
Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
[sesa]- 1 2 3 "UNHCR--The UN Refugee Agency. Guidelines On International Protection: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(5) and (6) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the "Ceased Circumstances" Clauses)", International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 307–317, 2003-04-01, doi:10.1093/ijrl/15.2.307, ISSN 0953-8186, retrieved 2025-06-18
- 1 2 3 UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ UNHCR Afghan refugee statistics 10 Sep 2001 / United Nations High Commissioner fro Refugees (UNHCR)., University of Arizona Libraries, 2001, retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ Joy Nyarko, Kwadwo Ofori-Dua, Bernard Obeng (2017-01-10), "Understanding Illness Diagnoses, Prognoses and Treatments in Rural Households: A Case Study of Gomoa Manso in the Gomoa East District of Central Region, Ghana", British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–11, doi:10.9734/bjesbs/2017/31534, ISSN 2278-0998, retrieved 2025-06-18
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "No Longer Welcome: Life of Former Liberian Refugees in the Buduburam Camp of Ghana After the End of their Refugee Status and Humanitarian Assistance.", Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2025-05, doi:10.7176/jesd/16-3-08, retrieved 2025-06-18
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18