Uganda’s Negotiations for Return of Colonial-Era Ceremonial Items

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu

Uganda a ɛrehwehwɛ sɛ wɔbɛsan de nnwumakuo a na wɔyɛ wɔn nnoɔma no akɔ wɔn man mu no ka Afrika aman a wɔrehwehwɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn amammerɛ mu agyapadeɛ a wɔsɛee no wɔ nnwumakuw a na wɔyɛ wɔn nneɛma no mu no bɛsan aba. Nneɛma a wɔkaa ho asɛm no bi ne ahemfo atadeɛ, nhenwa, mpopaho, pea, nyamesom nnoɔma, ne amammerɛ kwan so tumi ho agyiraehyɛde afoforo a wɔfaa no bere a na Britainfo di Britain so no. Saa nneɛma yi ho hia yiye wɔ amammerɛ, honhom fam, ne amanyɔsɛm mu, titiriw wɔ ahemman te sɛ Buganda, Bunyoro, Toro, ne Ankole mu.

Abakɔsɛm

Berɛ a na Britainfoɔ redi Uganda so tumi wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 awiei ne afeha a ɛto so 20 mfiase mu no, Britain asraafo ne wɔn mpanimfoɔ faa nnoɔma pii a wɔde yɛ amanneɛ no. Ɛho nhwɛsoɔ bi ne sɛ, afe 1893 mu, berɛ a Britain nnisoɔ mu mpanimfoɔ kɔtow hyɛɛ Bunyoro ahemman no so no, wɔtwaa ahemfie agyapadeɛ, a Bihogo ntwene ne ahemfie nkonnwa a na wɔgye di sɛ ɛyɛ ɔhene no honhom mu agyapadeɛ (kabaka anaa omukama) no.

Wɔ 1894 mu no, wɔkaa Buganda ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ Britania aban a ɛbɔ no ho ban, na wɔkɔɔ so gyee sika, sɛ́ ɛyɛ ɔhyɛ so anaa ɔhyɛ so. Wɔde nnoɔma a wɔde yɛɛ adwinni no bi maa wɔn bere a na wɔhyɛ wɔn so, na wɔfaa afoforɔ nso bere a na wɔreyɛ asraafodwuma de retwe wɔn aso. Akyiri yi wɔde saa nneɛma yi kɔɔ mmeae bi te sɛ British Museum, Pitt Rivers Museum, ne Victoria ne Albert Museum wɔ UK.

Sɛdeɛ nnoɔma a wɔde di afahyɛ no teɛ

Nnoɔma a Uganda pɛ sɛ wɔde san kɔ wɔn man mu no nyɛ nnoɔma a wɔde siesie hɔ kɛkɛ; ɛyɛ wɔn amammerɛ ne wɔn honhom fam tumi ho agyapadeɛ. Nhwɛsoɔ bi ni:

• Ahene no mpopaho (a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ahenwa mu amanneɛ ahodoɔ mu)
• Sɛntire a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ ne tiade
• Ahempɔn peaw ne nkatabo
• Nwoma a wɔhyehyɛ no
• Abusuakuo ahodoɔ akraboa ne n'agyiraehyɛdeɛ
• Honhom fam nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma a ɛfa nananom som ne osutɔ ho amanne ahodoɔ ho

Wɔgye di sɛ saa nnoɔma yi, titire nea ɛfiri Buganda ne Bunyoro ahemman mu no, fa ahemman no ne nananom abusua no ho. Atetesɛm mu akannifo no bu wɔn a wonni hɔ no sɛ wɔn nkurɔfo a wonni baabi a wɔbɛkɔ akɔtena.

Mmɔden a Wɔbɔ sɛ Wɔbɛsan De Wɔn Aba Asase So ne Nkɔmmɔbɔ a Wɔne Aman Ntam Yɛ

Wɔ afe 2010 mu no, Uganda mmɔdemmɔ no mu yɛɛ den, a amammerɛ mu adwumayɛfo, tete nneɛma akorae adwumayɛfoɔ, ne amammerɛ mu akannifoɔ na ɛhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran. Uganda Tete Nneɛma Akorae a ɛwɔ Kampala no adi dwuma titire wɔ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔagye ne nkɔmmɔbɔ a wɔne Europa ahyehyɛdeɛ ahodoɔ ayɛ ho.

Obi a ɔda saa kuw yi ano ne Kassim Nakibinge a ɔyɛ Ɔhempɔn Kassim Nakibinge a ɔfiri Buganda ahemman mu, a wabɔ dawuru akyerɛ UK sɛ wɔnsan mfa Buganda ahyɛnsode no mma no. Saa ara nso na Omukama Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I a ofi Bunyoro-Kitara abisa sɛ wɔnsan mfa nneɛma a ɛyɛ kronkron no mma wɔn, na ɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ atetesɛm mu.

Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, Uganda aban no nam ne Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development so, bɔɔ British Museum ne nnwumakuw afoforo a ɛwɔ UK no amanneɛ sɛ wɔnsan mfa nneɛma a wɔfow wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu no mmra. British Museum no gye toom sɛ wɔn nsa aka nhoma no, na wɔkae sɛ wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wobedi ho nkɔmmɔ, ɛwom sɛ mmara ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ British Museum Mmara a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ afe 1963 mu no ama wɔagyae nhoma no a wɔde bɛsan akɔ ɔman no mu no.

Dwumadi a Amanaman Ntam Ahyehyɛde ne Amanaman Ntam Afoforo Yɛ

Uganda ne UNESCO nso ayɛ adwuma wɔ ne 1970 apam a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mmara ase a wɔde ba ɔman mu, a wɔde kɔ amannɔne, ne agyapade a wɔde hyɛ mmara ase a wɔde fa obi nsa no ho. Ɛwom sɛ wɔyii tete nneɛma no pii fii hɔ ansa na afe 1970 reba, na ɛno nti, na apam no nni mmara kwan so koraa de, nanso abrabɔ ne abrabɔ fam asɛde a ɛwɔ apam yi mu no ama Uganda asɛm no mu ayɛ den.

Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Germany ne France hyɛɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan de Afrika tete nneɛma no pii ama, na ɛno na Uganda de too gua wɔ ne nsrɛ a ɛrekɔ so no mu.

Nea Ɛkyerɛ wɔ Amammerɛ ne Honhom Fam

Wɔ atetesɛm mu akannifo ne mpɔtam hɔfo fam no, nneɛma a wɔde yɛ amanne a wɔsan de ma wɔn no kyerɛ agyapade a wɔhweree a wɔsan de ne nananom tumi no di dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Bunyoro mu no, wogye di sɛ wontumi nyɛ amanne ahorow no yiye bere a wonni ahemfie sanku ne apon a edi kan no. Saa ara nso na, Buganda ahengua a wɔde di ade no ho amanne ahorow no yɛ nea enni mu bere a wɔnsan mfa wɔn ahyɛnsode no mma no.

Sɛnea Ugandan anthropologist Dr. Sylvia Nannyonga-Tamusuza asi so dua sɛ, "Nneɛma yi a wɔde bɛsan aba no nyɛ tete nneɛma akorae asɛm bi kɛkɛ, ɛyɛ honhom fam fie a yɛbɛsan aba".

Ɔhaw ne anidasoɔ

Ɔhaw ahodoɔ pii na wɔama nkurɔfoɔ a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no ahyia:

• Mmara mu akwanside ahorow a ɛwɔ aman a wogye ahɔho, titiriw wɔ United Kingdom
• Nkrataa a wɔhyehyɛe no mu ayɛ kwa ⁇  pii a na wɔnkyerɛw wɔn din anaa wɔnkyerɛw wɔn din sɛnea ɛsɛ
• Nneɛma a wɔkora so ho dadwen, na ahyehyɛde ahorow bi bisa sɛ ebia aman a wogye wɔn no wɔ nneɛma a wɔde bɛhwɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hu no anaa

Ne nyinaa akyi no, Uganda asi ne bo sɛ ɔbɛhyɛ tumi ase. Wɔresan asiesie Uganda Tete Nneɛma Akorae no, na wɔrehwehwɛ nnipa a wɔne wɔn bɛbom ayɛ ho adwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɛ wɔsan ba a wɔbɛhwɛ so yiye. Bio nso, 2023 asɛm a African Union de too gua a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde Afrika agyapade no bɛsan ama no no ama Ugandafo a wɔreyɛ nkɔmmɔ no ahoɔden.

Mmoano

Uganda ɔsatu a wɔreyɛ sɛ wɔbɛsan ama wɔn nnwumakuw no bere so nneɛma a wɔde yɛ amanne no yɛ amammerɛ, honhom fam, ne amanyɔsɛm ho adwuma kɛse. Ɛkyerɛ abakɔsɛm mu atɛntrenee, amammerɛ mu ahofadi, ne nkurɔfo a wɔne wɔn amammerɛ kronkron no bɛsan anya abusuabɔ. Bere a nkɔmmɔbɔ no rekɔ so no, Uganda de ne ho bɔɔ Afrikafo kuw bi a wɔredɔɔso a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nea wɔwiae no bɛsan ama wɔn - ɛnyɛ sɛ adɔe, na mmom sɛ atɛntrenee a na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛba bere tenteenten.