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Amanaman Nkabom Kuo a Ɛhwɛ Nwomasua, Nyansahu ne Amammerɛ so (UNESCO /juːˈnɛskoʊ/) yɛ

Flag of UNESCO

ahyehyɛde a ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom (UN) so a ne botae ne sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ wiase asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ ho nkuran denam amanaman ntam nkitahodi a ɛfa nwomasua, adwinne, nyansahu ne amammerɛ ho so[1][2]. Emu aman yɛ 194, na aman a wɔbom yɛ 12 ka ho[3], ne aman a wɔne wɔn yɛ adwuma wɔ nnwumakuw a wɔnnyɛ aban, nnwumakuw a wɔbom yɛ adwuma wɔ nnwumakuw a wɔnnyɛ aban, ne aman a wɔnnyɛ aban[4]. UNESCO adwumayɛbea ti wɔ Paris, France, na ɛwɔ amantam adwumayɛbea 53[5] ne aman adwumayɛbea 199[6].

Wɔhyehyɛɛ UNESCO wɔ afe 1945 mu sɛ Amanaman Apam no Amanaman Ntam Kuo a Ɛhwɛ Nyansahu a Ɛwɔ Amanaman Ntam so no ananmusifo[7][8]. UNESCO dwumadie a wɔde sii hɔ, a Wiase Ko II ho nsɛm na ɛkyerɛɛ no kwan no, ne sɛ ɛbɛboa ama asomdwoe, nkɔso a edi mu ne nipa kyɛfa akɔ so denam aman ntam ayɔnkofa ne nkɔmmɔ a wɔbɛboa ama ayɛ yiye so[9]. Ɔde saa botae yi di dwuma wɔ dwumadibea akɛse anum: adesua, abɔde mu nyansapɛ, asetena mu nyansapɛ/nyansapɛ, amammerɛ ne nkitahodi/nkitahodi. UNESCO taa dwumadie ahorow a ɛboa ma akenkan ne atwerɛ, ma ɔbenfo ntetee ne nwomasua, ma nyansahunu nya nkɔsoɔ, bɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo a wɔn ani da hɔ ho ban, bɔ amantam ne amammerɛ ho abakɔsɛm ho ban, na wɔboa ma amammerɛ ahorow dɔɔso. Dwumadi no boa ma wɔde wiase agyapadeɛ a ɛho hia wɔ amammerɛ ne abɔde mu no si hɔ, na ɛbɔ ho ban[10].

Aman a wɔdɔm UNESCO ne aman a wɔdɔm no a wɔboa no no na wɔhwɛ UNESCO Amanpanin Nhyiamu no so, a wɔhyia wɔ afe biara mu abien de si ahyehyɛde no nhyehyɛe ne sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so dua. Ɔsan nso paw mpaninfoɔ a wɔhwɛ UNESCO adwuma so no, na ɔpaw Ɔmanpanyin a ɔhwɛ UNESCO adwuma so wɔ mfeɛ nnan biara mu.

Abakɔsɛm

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N'abɔseɛ ahodoɔ

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UNESCO ne n’ahyɛdeɛ a ɛfa amanaman ntam biakoyɛ ho no, yɛbɛtumi ahwehwɛ Amanaman Apam no gyinaesie bi a ɛbaa September 21, 1921, sɛ wɔbɛpaw adwumakuo bi a wɔbɛsua sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ yie sɛ aman no bɛkyɛ amammerɛ, nwomasua ne nyansahu mu nkɔsoɔ wɔ ahofadie mu.[16][17] Wɔhyehyɛɛ saa kuw foforo yi, Amanaman Ntam Boayikuw a Ɛhwɛ Adwene mu Nkitahodi So (ICIC) wɔ 1922[10] mu na wobuu nnipa te sɛ Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, ne Gonzague de Reynold wɔ emufo mu (efi saa kwan yi so no, ɛyɛ aman a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ Europa Atɔe Fam no ahyɛde ketewaa bi[11]. Afei wɔhyehyɛɛ Amanaman Ntam Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Adwene ne Nkate So (IIIC) wɔ Paris wɔ September 1924 mu, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ adwuma sɛ adwumakuo a ɛhwɛ ICIC so[12]. Nanso, Wiase Ko II mfiase no twaa saa ahyehyɛde ahorow a edii kan bae yi adwuma mu kɛse. Ɛdefa ankorankoro nhyehyɛe ho no, Amanaman Ntam Nhomasua Dwumadibea (IBE) fii ase yɛɛ adwuma sɛ ahyehyɛde a ɛnyɛ aban de wɔ amanaman ntam nhomasua nkɔso som mu fi December 1925[13] na wɔde wɔn ho bɔɔ UNESCO wɔ 1969 mu, bere a wɔhyehyɛɛ nkabom bagua wɔ 1952 mu akyi[14].

Adebɔ

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Wɔ Atlantic Mmara no a wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛɛ ase ne Amanaman Nkabom no Mpaemuka no akyi no, Allied Ministers of Education (CaME) Nhyiam no fii ase wɔ London a ɛkɔɔ so fi 16 November 1942 kosi 5 December 1945. Wɔ October 30, 1943 1943 mu no, wɔdaa hia a ɛho hia ma amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde bi no adi wɔ China, a ɛne no hyiae wɔ Moscow, a ɛne no hyiae wɔ United States, ne ahenni no so. Eyi akyi no, Dumbarton Oaks Nhyiam no nsusuwii ahorow a wɔde too gua wɔ 9 October 1944. Bere a wɔde nyansahyɛ mae no, ɛne Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam a ɛfa Amanaman Ntam Ahyehyɛde (UNCI) ho nyansahyɛ ahorow hyiae, a wɔyɛe wɔ San Francisco fi April kosi June 1945 no, Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam a ɛfa Nhomasua ne Amammerɛ Ahyehyɛde a Wɔde besi hɔ (Eco/Conf) ho fi 1 kosi UNESCO adwene no, Rab Butler, United Kingdom Minista a ɔwɔ nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ ne nkɔso mu no na ɛyɛɛ UNESCO no[15]. Wɔ ECO/CONF no, aman 37 na wɔde UNESCO Amanyɔ Mmara no baeɛ na wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛɛ aseɛ, na wɔhyehyɛɛ Ahosiesie Bagua.[24] Ahosiesie Bagua no yɛɛ adwuma wɔ November 16, 1945 ntam, ne November 4, 1946 — da a UNESCO Amanyɔ Mmara no fii ase yɛɛ adwuma bere a Ɔman a ɛka ho no de sika a ɛto so aduonu no too gua no[16].

Dwumadie ahodoɔ

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UNESCO offices in Brasília

UNESCO de ne dwumadi ahorow di dwuma wɔ dwumadibea ahorow anum: nwomasua, abɔde mu

nyansapɛ, asetena mu nyansapɛ ne nnipa mu nyansapɛ, amammerɛ, ne nkitahodi ne amanneɛbɔ.

  • UNESCO boa nhwehwɛmu wɔ adesua a wɔde toto afoforo ho mu, ma nimdeɛ, na ɛhyɛ fekuw ho nkuran na ama wɔatumi ahyɛ ɔman adesua mu akannifo ne aman no ahoɔden a wɔde bɛkyerɛ nhomasua pa ama obiara. Eyi ka nea
  • UNESCO Chairs, amanaman ntam nkitahodie a emu yɛ 644 a ɛfa ahyehyɛde bɛboro 770 a ɛwɔ aman 126 mu ho
  • Abɔdeɛ Ho Ahobammɔ Ahyehyɛde
  • Nkrataa a ɛfa nnipa mu nyiyim ho a wɔfae 1960 mu
  • Amanaman ntam Nhyiamu a ɛfa Mpanyinfo Nwomasua ho (CONFINTEA) wɔ mfe 12 ntam
  • Adesua a Wɔyɛ Ma Nnipa Nyinaa Ho Amanneɛbɔ a Wɔahyehyɛ
  • Adesua Nnan no mu nsɛntitiriw
  • UNESCO ASPNet, amanaman ntam nkitahodi a ɛboro sukuufoɔ 12,000 wɔ aman 182 so.

Nsɛm ho dawurubɔfo

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UNESCO ne n'ahyehyɛde ahorow a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ no tintim nsɛmma nwoma pii.

Wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1945 mu no, The UNESCO Courier nsɛmma nwoma no ka n'adwuma ho asɛm sɛ "wɔmfa UNESCO botae ahorow no mmɔ bra, na wɔnhwɛ kwan sɛ amammerɛ ahorow no bɛkasa, na wɔama amanaman ntam akyinnyegye ho kwan". Efi Ɔbɛnem bosome wɔ afe 2006 no, wɔama no kwa wɔ intanɛt so, na wɔatintim no kakraa bi. N'adwenkyerɛ ahorow no da nsɛm ho kyerɛwfo no nsusuwii a ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ UNESCO de no adi. Wɔ afe 2012 ne afe 2017 ntam no, na adawurubɔfo a wɔn ho nni asɛm wɔ hɔ[17].

Wɔ afe 1950 mu no, UNESCO fii ase twerɛɛ nsunsuanso a nyansahu wɔ wɔ nnipa mu (a wɔsan frɛ no Nsunsuansoɔ) wɔ afe biara mu de susu nkɛntɛnsoɔ a nyansahu wɔ wɔ nnipa mu no ho. Nsɛmma nhoma no gyaee ne tintim wɔ afe 1992 mu[18].

Adesuabea ne nkorabata

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UNESCO Institute for Water Education in Delft

Saa nhyiamu no yɛ dwumadibea soronko a wɔboa UNESCO dwumadie no, na wɔboa dwumadibea

nketewa ne amanom dwumadibea.

Abasobɔdeɛ

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UNESCO maa abasobɔdeɛ 26[19] wɔ nwomasua mu, Abɔdeɛ mu Nyansapɛ, Asetena ne Nnipa Nyansapɛ mu, Amammerɛ, Nkitahodie ne Nsɛm Ho Nsɛm ne Asomdwoeɛ:

Nwomasua

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Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

[sesa]
  1. ↑ Chloé Meyer (2017-09-28), UNESCO World Heritage Sites exposed to the flooding in Pakistan (August 2010), retrieved 2025-06-20
  2. ↑ UNESCO (2007-01-01), "Convention on the Recognition of Qualifi Cations Concerning Higher Education in the European Region Lisbon, 11 April 1997", Standard-Setting at UNESCO, Brill | Nijhoff, pp. 245–261, ISBN 978-90-04-16454-3, retrieved 2025-06-20
  3. ↑ William Carruthers (2022-12-15), "List of Abbreviations", Flooded Pasts, Cornell University Press, pp. xi–xii, ISBN 978-1-5017-6644-2, retrieved 2025-06-20
  4. ↑ Mead, Carver on 2020 June 29, July 5, July 19, July 26, August 2, August 9, August 16., 2024-12-18, doi:10.1063/nbla.vwoh.bebl, retrieved 2025-06-20
  5. ↑ Linda Grimm (2021), "Malian President and Prime Minister Arrested : August 18, August 19, August 20, and August 28, 2020", Historic Documents of 2020, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, pp. 482–491, retrieved 2025-06-20{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  6. ↑ Linda Grimm (2021), "Malian President and Prime Minister Arrested : August 18, August 19, August 20, and August 28, 2020", Historic Documents of 2020, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, pp. 482–491, retrieved 2025-06-20{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  7. ↑ UNESCO (2007-01-01), "Universal Copyright Convention as Revised on 24 July 1971, with Appendix Declaration Relating to Article XVII and Resolution Concerning Article XI Paris, 24 July 1971", Standard-Setting at UNESCO, Brill | Nijhoff, pp. 112–127, ISBN 978-90-04-16454-3, retrieved 2025-06-20
  8. ↑ "Chapitre V La société des esprits : la coopération intellectuelle dans le cadre de la société des nations", Les Scientifiques et la paix, Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, pp. 161–217, 2014-01-20, ISBN 978-2-7606-3364-3, retrieved 2025-06-20
  9. ↑ Humanistic futures of learning: perspectives from UNESCO Chairs and UNITWIN Networks, UNESCO, 2020, ISBN 978-92-3-100369-1, retrieved 2025-06-20
  10. ↑ Republic of Kenya : Medium Term Debt Management Strategy, 2011/12-2013/14, 2011-06, doi:10.1596/17656, retrieved 2025-06-20 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ Reine Meylaerts (2020-01-03), "Cultural Mediators and Their Complex Transfer Practices", Cultural Organizations, Networks and Mediators in Contemporary Ibero-America (in English) (1 ed.), New York: Routledge, pp. 46–62, doi:10.4324/9780429299407-4. s2cid 243387712. archived from the original on 17 january 2021. retrieved 13 august 2020., ISBN 978-0-429-29940-7, retrieved 2025-06-20 {{citation}}: Check |doi= value (help)
  12. ↑ "Grenville-Grey, Wilfrid Ernest, (27 May 1930–1 March 2016), Civil Society advocate at United Nations, New York, 1991–2006", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2025-06-20
  13. ↑ "UNESCO", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-06-19, retrieved 2025-06-20
  14. ↑ IBE U. IBE IBE U. IBE, OBINNA CHIKEZIE OBINNA CHIKEZIE (2025-03), "Career Choices and Specialty Preferences among Final Year Medical Students of A Medical School in South Eastern Nigeria", Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 79–86, doi:10.35629/076x-12037986, ISSN 2394-076X, retrieved 2025-06-20 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ↑ FINAL REPORT FOR JULY 5, 1949 TO OCTOBER 31, 1949, 1949-10-31, retrieved 2025-06-20
  16. ↑ "UNESCO", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-06-19, retrieved 2025-06-20
  17. ↑ "The vernacular's return to favour", The UNESCO Courier, vol. 2024, no. 1, pp. 14–15, 2024-02-12, doi:10.18356/22202293-2024-1-4, ISSN 2220-2293, retrieved 2025-06-20
  18. ↑ R Jashenko, E Maltseva, V Ilina (2019-07-01), "Biosphere-oriented urbanization and UNESCO program "Man and the Biosphere"", IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 298, no. 1, p. 012023, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/298/1/012023, ISSN 1755-1307, retrieved 2025-06-20{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Leif Holmström (2019-06-11), "UNESCO COMMITTEE ON CONVENTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Communications Examined under the 104 EX/Decision 3.3 Procedure of the Executive Board filed 1982–1988", Cases of the UNESCO Committee on Conventions and Recommendations, Brill | Nijhoff, pp. 1128–1989, ISBN 978-90-04-16878-7, retrieved 2025-06-20
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