Somali Refugees Repatriated from Kenya’s Dadaab Camp
Dadaab atutenafoɔ atenaeɛ a ɛwɔ Kenya atifi fam apuei, a wɔsii wɔ afe 1991 mu berɛ a ɔmanko firii aseɛ wɔ Somalia no, abɛyɛ atutenafoɔ atenaeɛ kɛseɛ wɔ wiase mu[1]. Berɛ a Dadaab nyaa nkɔsoɔ kɛseɛ no, na atubrafoɔ bɛborɔ 500,000 na wɔwɔ hɔ, na na wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara yɛ Somalifoɔ. Mfeɛ kakra a atwam ni no, Kenya ne Amanaman Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuo (UNHCR) ne Somalia aban yɛɛ nhyehyɛeɛ sɛ wɔbɛsan de Somalia atubrafoɔ akɔ mmeaeɛ a ahobammɔ ne ahotɔ wɔ. Ɛwom sɛ wɔkyerɛ sɛ nkurɔfoɔ firi wɔn ankasa pɛ mu na ɛsan kɔ wɔn kurom de, nanso esiane ahobammɔ ho dadwen, adwuma a wɔn nsa ntumi nka wɔ Somalia, ne Kenya atutenafoɔ ho mmara a ɛresesa nti, tebea no yɛ den.
Tu a ɛkɔɔso wɔ Dadaab ne Somali
[sesa]Basabasayɛ, mmusua ntam akodie, amumɔyɛsɛm, ne ɛkɔm a akɔ so wɔ Somalia mfeɛ pii no ama nnipa mpempem pii adwane afiri wɔn afie mu. Esiane sɛ ɛbɛn Kenya no nti, ɛhɔ na wɔagye Somalifoɔ a wɔadwane afiri wɔn man mu no dodoɔ no ara. Dadaab, a mfitiaseɛ no na wɔde asi hɔ sɛ baabi a wɔbɛtena bere tiaa bi no bɛyɛɛ atutenafoɔ atenaeɛ berɛ tenten.
Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, na nnipa bɛborɔ 233,000 a wɔfiri Somalia atutenafoɔ te Dadaab, ɛwom sɛ na nnipa dodoɔ no so ate esiane wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu, wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu, ne wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu no nti[2][3].
Nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛfa atutenafoɔ a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔsan ba fie (2014-Seesei)
[sesa]Wɔ November 2013 mu no, Kenya, Somalia, ne UNHCR yɛɛ Tripartite Agreement bi a wɔde bɛhwɛ ama Somali atubrafo a wɔresan akɔ wɔn kurom no. Wɔhyɛɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de nkurɔfo kɔ wɔn kurom a wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔsan ba no ase wɔ afe 2014 mu. Ɛgyina amanaman ntam ahobammɔ nnyinasosɛm so, titiriw ahofama, ahobammɔ, ne nidie[4][5].
Efi afe 2014 kosi afe 2023 no, wɔsan de nnipa bɛboro 90,000 a wofi Somalia, a wɔn mu dodow no ara fi Dadaab, baa ɔman no mu. Bere a wɔsan bae no, na ɛyɛ afe 2016 ne 2017 mu bere a Kenya aban no maa nsrahwɛ no mu yɛɛ den no, esiane sɛ na wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ Al-Shabaab bɛsɛe wɔn ahobammɔ nti[6].
Mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔsan ba
[sesa]Atutenafoɔ a wɔpaw sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn kurom no nyaa mmoa pii a nea ɛka ho ne:
- Ahyɛn a wɔde kɔ mmeaeɛ a wɔsan kɔ wɔ Somalia (te sɛ Kismayo, Baidoa, Luuq, Mogadishu).
- Sika a wɔde ma ne nneɛma a wɔde siesie fie (ntade, nkotoku, ntɛtea).
- Bosome nsia aduane a wɔde ma anaa sika a wɔde boa aduane a WFP de ma.
- Mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn asetena mu a wɔne Somalia aban ne nnwumakuw a wɔnnyɛ aban adwumayɛfo bom yɛ, titiriw wɔ apɔwmuden, nwomasua, atenaeɛ, ne asetena mu nneɛma mu[7].
UNHCR nso bueeɛ mmeae a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no so wɔ Somalia ma wɔmaa wɔn baabi a wɔbɛtena berɛ tiaa bi, na wɔmaa wɔn akwankyerɛ ansa na wɔasiesie wɔn.
Akwansideɛ ahodoɔ ne Animka
[sesa]Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔka sɛ ɛyɛ " boapa" no, nnipa a wɔhwɛ nnipa fahodie so ne wɔn a wɔhwɛ nsɛm mu no aka sɛ ɛyɛ nhyɛ ne tebea bɔne a ɛwɔ atenaeɛ hɔ a ebetumi ama atutenafoɔ no atu afi hɔ no[8]. Nnipa pii a wɔsan ba wɔn man mu no asan kɔ baabi a asiane ne ahobammɔ nni wɔ Somalia, na wɔrehyia:
- Nnoɔma a ɛho hia (akwahosan, nsuo, nwomasua) a wonnya.
- Ɔko ne amumɔyɛsɛm a ɛrekɔ so nti, ahobammɔ nni hɔ.
- Asase ho akasakasa ne adan a wɔnnya.
Afei nso, wɔn a wɔsan ba no yiyedi a wɔsan ba no akyi no ho nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ, na wɔn a wɔsan ba nkurow akɛse mu wɔ Mogadishu ne wɔn a wɔatu wɔn afi wɔn man mu wɔ Somalia anafo fam no, wɔn a wɔsan ba nkurow akɛse mu no, wɔn a wɔsan ba nkurow akɛse mu no, wɔn a wɔsan ba nkurow akɛse mu bio no yɛ asɛm a ɛhaw wɔn paa[9][10].
Kenya asetena mu nhyehyɛeɛ a adane
[sesa]Kenya abɔ mmɔden mpɛn pii sɛ wɔbɛto Dadaab, de kyerɛ sɛ ɛhaw ɔman no ahobammɔ. Wɔ afe 2016 ne afe 2021 mu no, aban no de asɛm bi too gua sɛ wɔnto nneduaban no mu, nanso akyiri yi wɔtwaa saa nhyehyɛe yi mu anaa wɔsakraa no wɔ mmara ne mmoa a wɔde maa wɔn no akyi.
Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Kenya aban no penee so sɛ wɔbɛfa Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan (KISEDP) no, a ɛsiesie nsɛm a ɛbɛba daakye a ɛfa baabi a nnipa bɛtena mu ne akwan a wɔbɛfa so anya nkɔso ho, sɛ ɛyɛ Amanaman Nkabom a Ɛfa Aguanfo ho no fa[5][11].
Baabi a menyaa mmoa
[sesa]- ↑ Dadaab Refugee Complex (in British English), retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ UNHCR Afghan refugee statistics 10 Sep 2001 / United Nations High Commissioner fro Refugees (UNHCR)., University of Arizona Libraries, 2001, retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ Leaving safety, returning home to fear (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ Voluntary repatriation to Afghanistan / United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)., University of Arizona Libraries, 1989, retrieved 2025-06-18
- 1 2 UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ news-from-africa-watch-kenya-harassment-of-ethnic-somalis-dec-6-1989-5-pp, retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ UNHCR-sub office Jalalabad repatriation data / United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)., University of Arizona Libraries, 1998, retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ news-from-africa-watch-kenya-harassment-of-ethnic-somalis-dec-6-1989-5-pp, retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ Pakistan : thousands remain displaced after military operations in South Waziristan / Global IDP, Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)., University of Arizona Libraries, 2005, retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ NRC (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
- ↑ Måns Fellesson, Paula Mählck (2024-08-20), "Women's self-reliance and sustainable livelihoods: implementation of the Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan (KISEDP) for refugees and the host population in Kenya", Handbook on Migration and Development, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 218–232, ISBN 978-1-78990-713-1, retrieved 2025-06-18