Return of Tuareg Remains to Northern Mali

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu

Tuaregfoɔ nnompe a wɔsan de baa Mali Atifi fam no yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia nanso wɔnka ho asɛm pii wɔ wiase nyinaa dwumadie a ɛfa Afrikafoɔ agyanom agyapadeɛ a wɔsan de baa wɔn man mu no ho. Tuaregfo a wɔyɛ nnipa a wɔka Berber kasa a wɔtraa ase wɔ Sahara no, wɔadi wɔn atirimɔdensɛm ne wɔn amammerɛ ho atosɛm ho dwuma bere tenten. Wɔn nananom nnompe a wɔsan de kɔ wɔn man mu no - a wɔtaa de kɔ hɔ wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu anaa bere a na basabasayɛ rekɔ so wɔ hɔ no - nyɛ awufoɔ nnidie a wɔde bɛma wɔn nkutoo ho asɛm, na mmom sɛ wɔde Tuaregfo su ahodoɔ bɛhyɛ ɔman no ne amanaman ntam nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛfa wɔn a wɔsan de wɔn kɔ hɔ ne wɔn a wɔsan fi nnommumfa ase no mu nso.

Abakɔsɛm: nnisoɔ, akokoakoko, ne nnipa a wɔaka no

Atifi fam Mali, titire mmeaeɛ te sɛ Timbuktu, Kidal, ne Gao, wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, na Tuaregfoɔ na wɔte hɔ. Berɛ a Francefoɔ dii Sahel so no, nnipa ho animdefoɔ ne asraafoɔ mpanimfoɔ boaboaa nnipa nnompe ano - titiriw nkatabo ne nnompe - fii Tuaregfo amusiei ne akono hɔ. Wɔde saa nnompe yi kɔɔ Europa tete nneɛma akorae ahodoɔ, a France, Belgium, ne Germany nnwumakuo ka ho, a na wɔyɛ no sɛ wɔyɛ no wɔ abɔdeɛ mu nyansapɛ mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ nnipa mu nyansapɛ ho^[1].

Akyiri yi, berɛ a wɔperee fahodie no, ntɔkwa a ɛsii wɔ Mali man no ne Tuareg man no ntam (ne titire wɔ afe 1990 ne 2012 mu) no maa nnipa pii tu fii wɔn afie mu. Saa basabasayɛ no maa nkurɔfo sɛee wɔn ada, na agyapade a wɔn nananom de maa wɔn, a nnompe ne nnoɔma a wɔde siee awufo nso ka ho, sɛee anaa wɔtɔn wɔ adwadie a mmara mma ho kwan mu^[2].

Nhyehyɛeɛ ne adwuma a wɔayɛ wɔ wɔn a wɔde wɔn resan aba

Tuaregfoɔ nkae no a wɔasan de aba no fi nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ, Tuaregfoɔ amammerɛ ahyehyɛde ahorow, ne amanaman ntam agyapade ahyehyɛde ahorow. Ɛwom sɛ wɔn dodoɔ nnɔɔso sɛ wɔn a wɔsan de wɔn kɔɔ wɔn man mu no (te sɛ, Herero anaa Sarah Baartman nsɛm), nanso mmɔden a wɔbɔ yi ho hia yiye wɔ honhom fam ne amanyɔsɛm mu.

1. Amanaman Nkabom Abisadeɛ ne UNESCO adwuma a wɔyɛeɛ

Ɛfiri afe 2016 mu no, Tuaregfoɔ a wɔwɔ Kel Adagh ne Kel Ifoghas amankuo mu no mu akannifoɔ firii aseɛ srɛ maa Mali Amammerɛ Dwumadibea ne UNESCO sɛ wɔmmoa wɔn mma wɔnhwehwɛ Tuaregfoɔ a wɔda so ara wɔ aman foforɔ so no na wɔnsan mfa wɔn mmra. UNESCO, wɔ ne Heritage Emergency Fund no ase no, wɔboa ma wɔyɛɛ nsrahwɛ ahodoɔ a edi kan de yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔhwehwɛɛ nkaeɛ a wɔgye di sɛ ɛwɔ France ne Belgium anthropological nkaeɛ mu no^[3].

2. Dwumadie a Mali Amanaman Amammerɛ Dwumadibea no diiɛ

Mali amammerɛ agyapadeɛ dwumadibea (Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel) ne Europa ahyehyɛde ahodoɔ no yɛɛ nhyehyɛe ma wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, ɔdaa no adi sɛ wɔasan de nnipa tiboa ne nnompe bi a wɔde kaa Tuaregfo ho, a wɔkaa ho asɛm sɛ wofi tete nnommumfa mu wɔ France anafo fam. Saa nsane a wɔde maa no no yɛ adwuma kɛse bi a na wɔde resan ama amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a ɛwɔ Mali amammerɛ mu a wɔresan asiesie no wɔ bere a akasakasa no asi akyi no^[4].

3. Amanneɛ ahodoɔ ne sie a wɔresie no bio

Berɛ a Tuaregfoɔ mpanimfoɔ, nyamesom akannifoɔ, ne imghad (nnipa a wɔagye din) no san bae no, wɔsan yɛɛ wɔn amanne sɛ wobesie amu no bio na wɔakɔtew ho. Saa amanne ahorow yi mu bi ne mmoa afɔrebɔ, Koran akenkan, ne sare so akwantu kɔ baabi a wosie awufo wɔ Abeibara ne Tessalit, a wogye di sɛ wɔne nananom ahonhom wɔ abusuabɔ wɔ honhom fam no^[5].

Ɛnyɛ honhom fam nneɛma nkutoo nti na afahyɛ a ɛtete saa ho hia, na mmom ɛboa ma wɔsan de baakoyɛ ba, titiriw wɔ mmeaeɛ a atuateɛ, akodi, ne mmusua ntam ntawantawadie ama mpaapaemu aba no.

Asetenam nsɛm ne amammusɛm ho mfasoɔ

Tuaregfoɔ a wɔasan de wɔn nnompe aba wɔn man mu no boa ma:

Decolonizing heritage: Ɔmanfoɔ amammerɛ mu nneɛma a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ Franse nniso ase no ho asɛm a wɔreka.
Tuareg su a wɔsan kyekyere: Wɔsan gyina abakɔsɛm mu ne amammerɛ mu ahoɔduru so wɔ ntɔkwa ne wɔn a wɔtwe wɔn ho fii wɔn ho akyi mfeɛ pii akyi.
Ka wɔreka wɔn abo mu bio na asomdwoeɛ: Hyɛ kwan ma Tuaregfo ne Malian man no nya apɔwmuden na wɔne wɔn bɔ nkɔmmɔ, titire berɛ a asomdwoe a ɛyɛ mmerɛ a 2015 Algiers Apam no de bae no aba no.

Wobu nananom a wɔsan bae no sɛ honhom fam akomatɔyam a wɔde ba, na ɛboa ma wɔtoto abakɔsɛm mu nsɛm a ɛyɛ yaw ano, na wosiesie wɔn ho ma daakye a egyina obu ne amammerɛ a obiara ani gye ho so.

Ɔhaw ahodoɔ ne nnwuma a ɛrekɔ so

Ɛmfa ho ne nkɔsoɔ a wɔanya no, ɔhaw ahodoɔ da so wɔ hɔ:

Wɔtwerɛ nneɛma a aka no ho nsɛm pii wɔ Europa tete nwoma mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ Tuaregfoɔ mmusua bi na wɔhyehyɛɛ wɔn.
Ɔhaw a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Mali Atifi fam no, ne titiriw no, nnɔmmarima kuw a wɔwɔ hɔ no, ama agyapade no ho banbɔ ne afahyɛ no ho nhyehyɛe ayɛ den.
Sika kakra a ɛwɔ hɔ ma agyapadeɛ ho adwumayɛfo wɔ Mali sɛ wɔde bɛhwɛ, wɔde bɛkora, na wɔadi nkae wɔ nkae a wɔsan de bae no ho.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔatumi adi ɔhaw yi ho dwuma no, Tuaregfo a wɔwɔ ɔmanfo mu akuw bi bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma wɔn nsa aka wɔn agyapade no bi - agyapade a wɔkora so a wotumi de kɔ baabiara ne wɔn kuw a wɔyɛ amanne ahorow a wobetumi ne wɔn a wɔsan de wɔn nnompe kɔ wɔn kurom no akɔ, na ama wɔatumi aboa nkurɔfo a wɔwɔ mmeae a ate ne ho no.

Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

↑ M. Van Wyk Smith (1992-01), ""The most wretched of the human race": The iconography of the Khoikhoin (Hottentots) 1500–1800", History and Anthropology, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 285–330, doi:10.1080/02757206.1992.9960817, ISSN 0275-7206, retrieved 2025-07-02 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Leinweber (2019), African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 128, doi:10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.1.07, ISSN 2156-695X https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.1.07, retrieved 2025-07-02 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ "UNESCO and Becoming a World Heritage Site", The Politics of Heritage Management in Mali, Routledge, pp. 75–92, 2016-06-16, ISBN 978-1-315-41753-0, retrieved 2025-07-02
↑ Sabine Cassard (2019-03-01), "Bénédicte Savoy. Co-auteur avec Felwine Sarr d'un rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain", La lettre du Collège de France, no. 44, pp. 32–33, doi:10.4000/lettre-cdf.4336, ISSN 1628-2329, retrieved 2025-07-02
↑ Jeremy H. Keenan (2006-06-01), "Security & insecurity in North Africa", Review of African Political Economy, vol. 33, no. 108, doi:10.1080/03056240600842974, ISSN 0305-6244, retrieved 2025-07-02 {{citation}}: line feed character in |last= at position 8 (help)

[1] M. Van Wyk Smith (1992-01), ""The most wretched of the human race": The iconography of the Khoikhoin (Hottentots) 1500–1800", History and Anthropology, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 285–330, doi:10.1080/02757206.1992.9960817, ISSN 0275-7206, retrieved 2025-07-02 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[2] Leinweber (2019), African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 128, doi:10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.1.07, ISSN 2156-695X https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.1.07, retrieved 2025-07-02 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[3] "UNESCO and Becoming a World Heritage Site", The Politics of Heritage Management in Mali, Routledge, pp. 75–92, 2016-06-16, ISBN 978-1-315-41753-0, retrieved 2025-07-02

[4] Sabine Cassard (2019-03-01), "Bénédicte Savoy. Co-auteur avec Felwine Sarr d'un rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain", La lettre du Collège de France, no. 44, pp. 32–33, doi:10.4000/lettre-cdf.4336, ISSN 1628-2329, retrieved 2025-07-02

[5] Jeremy H. Keenan (2006-06-01), "Security & insecurity in North Africa", Review of African Political Economy, vol. 33, no. 108, doi:10.1080/03056240600842974, ISSN 0305-6244, retrieved 2025-07-02 {{citation}}: line feed character in |last= at position 8 (help)

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