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Repatriation of Victims of Human Trafficking in West Africa

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Repatriation of Victims of Human Trafficking in West Africa yɛ Afrika Atɔeɛ fam da so ara yɛ mmeaeɛ a nnipa a wɔtɔn wɔn, titire mmaa ne mmɔfra, ka ho sene biara wɔ wiase. Wɔtɔn nnipa wɔ ɔmantam no mu ne mmeaeɛ foforɔ hyɛ wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwumaden, wɔde wɔn yɛ nna mu nnoɔma, nkoa, na wɔtɔn wɔn honam akwaa. Sɛ wɔsan de nnipa yi ba wɔn man mu a, ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia na ɛyɛ den a ɛnyɛ honam fam a wɔbɛsan de wɔn aba no nko na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan ma wɔn ho kwan bio. Aban ahodoɔ, Amanaman Ntam Nkorabata a Ɛhwɛ Atubrafo So (IOM), ECOWAS, UNODC, ne nnwumakuo afoforɔ a wɔnyɛ aban adwumayɛfoɔ ka wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu titire no ho.

Nnipa a wɔtɔn wɔn wɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ Fam

[sesa]

Ohia, ntɔkwa, nwomasua ne adwuma ho fahodie a ɛnni hɔ, ne mmaa ne mmarima ntam nsonsonoeɛ na ɛtaa de nnipa a wɔtɔn wɔn wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no ba. Aman a wɔnya wɔn firi mu no bi ne Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, Benin, Togo, ne Burkina Faso, berɛ a aman a wɔnya fi mu no bɛtumi ayɛ amantam (te sɛ, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal) anaa aman nyinaa (te sɛ, Libya, Italy, Lebanon).

Wɔahu sɛ Nigeria nkutoo ne beae titire a wɔtɔn nnipa, titire mmaawa a wɔtɔn wɔn ma wɔde wɔn di dwuma wɔ nna mu wɔ Europa ne Middle East.[1][2]

Kwan a Nnoɔma a wɔfa so yɛ Asetena Mu Asetena

[sesa]

Sɛ wɔresan de nnipa a wɔtɔn wɔn kɔ aman wɔfiri so a, wɔde fahodie ahodoɔ a ɛma obi nya ɔpɛ pa, ahobammɔ, ne nnidie di dwuma, sɛnea wɔaka ho asɛm wɔ:

  • ECOWAS Nhyehyɛe a Wɔde Yɛ Ade De Ko Tia Nnipa a Wɔtɔn Wɔn.
  • Palermo Nhyehyɛe (2000).
  • ECOWAS-EU Action Plan wɔ Return ne Reintegration of Migrants no.

Saa nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ yi hwɛ sɛ wɔremmu obi a wɔsan de no kɔ ɔman foforɔ so no sɛ obi a wɔatu no, na mmom wɔbɛyɛ no sɛ ahobammɔ ne nsiesie ho nhyehyɛeɛ.

IOM ne amantam ahodoɔ no asɛdeɛ

[sesa]

IOM di dwuma titire wɔ mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan de nkurɔfo aba Afrika Atɔe Fam no mu. IOM nam ne Nhyehyɛeɛ a Wɔboa Wɔn a Wɔpɛ sɛ Wɔsan Kɔ Wɔn Asase So ne Wɔn a Wɔsan Kɔ Wɔn Asase So (AVRR) no so boa ma wɔhunu wɔn a wɔato wɔn aguaman no, na wɔsan kɔ wɔn asase so asomdwoe mu. Ɛfiri afe 2017 kɔsi afe 2022 no, IOM boaa nnipa bɛboro 14,000 a wɔtɔn wɔn kɔ aman foforo so ma wɔsan kɔɔ wɔn man mu wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam[3][4][5] (IOM, 2023).

Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔagye mmofra a wofi Mali ne Burkina Faso a wɔtɔn wɔn kɔ Cote d'Ivoire koko mfuw mu no na wɔasan de wɔn aba wɔ IOM ne UNICEF mmoa a wɔde ama wɔn no mu[6][7] (IOM, 2021). Saa ara nso na Nigerianfo mmea a wɔtɔn wɔn kɔ Lebanon ne Libya no, wɔnam IOM, Nigeria aban, ne NGO te sɛ NAPTIP ne Girls'  Power Initiative mmoa so de wɔn aba fie.[8]

Ɔhaw a ɛwɔ wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu no

[sesa]

Sɛ obi pɛ sɛ ɔsan kɔ n'abusua mu a, ɔbɛhyia akwansideɛ a ɛdidi so yi:

  • Sɛ wɔsan ba a, wɔhyɛ wɔn ho so wɔ mpɔtam hɔ.
  • Nkrataa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi yɛ onipa no nni hɔ, na ɔnni hokwan sɛ ɔyɛ onipa.
  • Adwene mu haw ne ayaresa ho ahiadeɛ.
  • Nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛnni mu wɔ baabi a wɔfiri ne baabi a wɔrekɔ.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔn a wɔkyere wɔn ma wɔn ho tɔ wɔn no nya honam fam ne nkate fam akuru a emu yɛ den. Sɛ abusuafo anaa nnipa a wɔatwa wɔn ho ahyia na wɔrekyekyere wɔn ho wɔ aguadi mu a, wɔn a wɔasan de wɔn akɔtra ɔman foforo so no ho yɛ den kɛseɛ.[9][10]

Asetena mu mmoa ahodoɔ

[sesa]

Ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔboa wɔn ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔrenyɛ wɔn ayayadeɛ bio. IOM ne ne mfɛfoɔ adwumayɛfoɔ tuu anamɔn:

  • Sɛ wɔsan ba a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn baabi tena na wɔhwɛ wɔn ntɛm ara.
  • Adwenemyare ne mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a atoyerɛnkyɛm ato wɔn.
  • Nwomasua, adwuma ho ntetee, ne asetena ho mmoa.
  • Abusua a wɔbɛhwehwɛ wɔn ne wɔn a wɔbɛka abom.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Ghana ne Nigeria no, wɔde wɔn a wɔsan ba no ahyɛ nteteeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ te sɛ adepam, nnuane noa, anaa ICT mu, na wɔhwɛ sɛ wobetumi ayɛ adwuma no pɛpɛɛpɛ.[11][12]

Nigeria National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) nso na ɛhwɛ nneduaban so, na ɛhwɛ sɛ ɛbɛboa ɔmanfoɔ ma wɔatumi asan akɔ wɔn man mu bio.[13][14]

Nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛwɔ aman ntam ne aman pii ntam

[sesa]

Aman bi te sɛ Nigeria-Niger, Mali-Côte d'Ivoire, ne Benin-Togo ne wɔn yɛɛ apam bi, na ama wɔatumi ahunu wɔn a wɔasan de wɔn aba wɔn man mu yie. ECOWAS di dwuma bi nso de boa ma wɔtoto mmara a ɛfa ɔsan ho no ase, na wɔboa ma wɔkyekyɛ nsɛm wɔ aman a wɔdɔm ECOWAS no mu[15][16].

Bio nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ ɔmanfoɔ mu, a West Africa Network for the Protection of Children (WAN) ka ho, boa ma wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔretwam, wɔn abusuafoɔ a wɔhwehwɛ wɔn, ne mmɔfra a wɔtɔn wɔn kɔ aman foforɔ so a wɔsan ba wɔn man mu no.[15]

Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

[sesa]
  1. ↑ The global afghan opium trade : a threat assessment / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)., University of Arizona Libraries, 2011, retrieved 2025-06-13
  2. ↑ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (in English), retrieved 2025-06-13
  3. ↑ Jean-Pierre Gauci (2023-06-29), "IOM and 'Assisted Voluntary Return'", IOM Unbound?, Cambridge University Press, pp. 397–419, ISBN 978-1-009-18417-5, retrieved 2025-06-14
  4. ↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-14
  5. ↑ Review for "Pathways to reintegration in Senegal and Nigeria promoted by Italian Assisted Voluntary Return programmes", 2023-11-05, doi:10.1111/imig.13229/v1/review1, retrieved 2025-06-14
  6. ↑ Return Migration Governance in India during COVID-19, IOM Migration Research Series, United Nations, 2023-09-07, ISBN 978-92-9268-735-9, retrieved 2025-06-14
  7. ↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-14
  8. ↑ Marine Jouvin (2023-09-19), "Addressing Social Desirability Bias When Measuring Child Labor Use: An Application to Cocoa Farms in Côte d'Ivoire", The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 625–646, doi:10.1093/wber/lhad030, ISSN 0258-6770, retrieved 2025-06-14
  9. ↑ "U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre", U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre (in American English), retrieved 2025-06-14
  10. ↑ Diya Bose (2018-04-29), "'There are no Victims Here': Ethnography of a reintegration shelter for survivors of trafficking in Bangladesh", Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 10, doi:10.14197/atr.201218109, ISSN 2287-0113, retrieved 2025-06-14
  11. ↑ Return Migration Governance in India during COVID-19, IOM Migration Research Series, United Nations, 2023-09-07, ISBN 978-92-9268-735-9, retrieved 2025-06-14
  12. ↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-14
  13. ↑ Marine Jouvin (2023-09-19), "Addressing Social Desirability Bias When Measuring Child Labor Use: An Application to Cocoa Farms in Côte d'Ivoire", The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 625–646, doi:10.1093/wber/lhad030, ISSN 0258-6770, retrieved 2025-06-14
  14. ↑ "World Migration Report 2022", IOM World Migration Report, 2021-12-21, doi:10.18356/9789292680763, ISSN 2414-2603, retrieved 2025-06-14
  15. 1 2 Solomon T. Ebobrah (2018-09-20), "The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice", Oxford Scholarship Online, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198795582.003.0004, retrieved 2025-06-14
  16. ↑ Lukas Maximilian Müller (2022-08-26), "Analyzing Policy-Making Agency in ECOWAS", The Rise of a Regional Institution in Africa, London: Routledge, pp. 22–42, ISBN 978-1-003-22854-7, retrieved 2025-06-14
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