Repatriation and reburial of human remains
Nnipa afunu a wɔde bɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu na wɔasan asie no yɛ asɛm a ɛkɔ so mprempren wɔ fam tutu ne tete nneɛma akorae a wɔhwɛ so wɔ nnipa afunu a wɔde sie ho no mu. Wɔ asefo fibea mpɔtam hɔfo ne nnipa ho animdefo ntam no, adwene ahorow wɔ sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan de nkae no kɔ wɔn man mu anaasɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde kɔ wɔn man mu no ho. Nsɛm pii wɔ hɔ a wɔayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ wiase nyinaa a ɛfa nnipa afunu a wɔde akɔ wɔn man mu anaasɛ wɔda so ara hia sɛ wɔsan de kɔ wɔn man mu.
Adwene a Wɔde Di Dwuma
[sesa]Wobu nnipa afunu a wɔsan de wɔn kɔ kurom na wɔsan sie no sɛ akyinnyegye wɔ fam tutu abrabɔ pa mu.[1] Mpɛn pii no, asefo ne nnipa a wofi baabi a nkae no fi no pɛ sɛ wɔsan ba,[2][3][4][5] Saa bere yi nyinaa, ebia Anthropologists, nyansahufo a wosua nkae no ho nhwehwɛmu de yɛ nhwehwɛmu no adwene ahorow. Nnipa ho animdefo binom te nka sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔkora nkae no so na ama afuw no ne abakɔsɛm mu ntease atu mpɔn.[6][7] Afoforo nso te nka sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔsan de wɔn kɔ wɔn man mu na ama wɔabu asefo no.[8]
Asefo ne Fibea Mpɔtam Hɔfo Adwene
[sesa]Nkae no asefo ne wɔn a wonya fibea no taa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ wɔn man mu. Ebia eyi fi hokwan ahorow a nnipa wɔ ne honhom fam gyidi ahorow.[2][3][4] Sɛ nhwɛso no, Henry Atkinson a ɔwɔ Yorta Yorta Ɔman no mu ka abakɔsɛm a ɛkanyan saa asɛm yi ho asɛm. Ɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ Europafo na wɔtow hyɛɛ ne nananom so kunkum wɔn. Eyi akyi no, wɔfow wɔn nkae na “wɔboaboaa ano te sɛ nea obi boaboa stamp ano.”[2] Awiei koraa no, wɔde nananom no kɔɔ po so hyɛn mu sɛ nhwɛsode a wɔbɛsua ho ade. Eyi maa Yorta Yortafo no tee nka sɛ wɔyɛ nnipa a wɔba fam te sɛ mmoa ne nneɛma nketenkete a wɔde siesie fie. Atkinson kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu a, ɛbɛboa ma awo ntoatoaso mu yaw a efii okunkɛse ne nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano no mu bae no ano abrɛ ase.[2]
Bio nso, asɛmti bi wɔ hɔ a wɔka no mpɛn pii sɛ asefo ne wɔn nananom wɔ honhom fam abusuabɔ. Abibifo pii te nka sɛ mmeae a wogye wɔn ahome no yɛ kronkron na ɛma wɔn nananom nya ahofadi. Nanso, nananom a wɔde wɔn ahyɛ adaka mu wɔ amannɔne ahyehyɛde ahorow mu no akye wɔn na wontumi nnye wɔn ahome. Eyi betumi de ahoyeraw kɛse aba wɔn asefo so. Asefo binom te nka sɛ nananom no betumi anya ahofadi na wɔagye wɔn ahome asomdwoe mu bere a wɔasan de wɔn akɔ wɔn kurom akyi nkutoo.[2][3]
Eyi yɛ nkate a ɛte saa ara wɔ Botswana mu. Connie Rapoo a ɔyɛ Botswana kuromni no kyerɛkyerɛɛ hia a ɛho hia sɛ wɔsan de nananom kɔ wɔn man mu no mu. Rapoo kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nkurɔfo san kɔ wɔn fie ma wɔte nka sɛ wɔyɛ abusuafo na wɔyɛ wɔn dea.[4] Sɛ wɔansan amfa wɔn amma a, ebia nananom akra bɛkyinkyin a wɔnyɛ ahomegye. Ebia wɔbɛdan ahonhommɔne mpo a wɔhaw ateasefo. Wogye di sɛ sɛ wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu a, ɛboa ma nananom ne wɔn asefo nyinaa nya asomdwoe.[4]
Abakɔsɛm mu Ahodwiriwde
[sesa]Asɛm titiriw: Abakɔsɛm mu ahodwiriwde
Akyinnyegye a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ wɔn man mu no yɛ nea emu yɛ den bio esiane abakɔsɛm mu ahodwiriw a Abibifo pii hyia no nti. Abakɔsɛm mu ahodwiriw kyerɛ nkate mu ahodwiriw a nananom hyia a wɔde kɔ awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu nnɛ. Abakɔsɛm mu no, Abibifo ahu nnipakum ne wɔn mma a wɔahwere wɔn akɔ sukuu ahorow a wɔtra mu. Awerɛhow kɛse yi nso asefo kyɛ na wɔte nka.[9] Abakɔsɛm mu ahodwiriw kɔ so denam gyinabea a nananom a wɔde wɔn gu adaka mu na wosua ho ade no so. Abibifo binom gye di sɛ ɛyaw no so bɛtew bere a wɔasan de wɔn nananom akɔ wɔn man mu na wɔade wɔn ho no.[2]
Nnipa ho animdefo adwene
[sesa]Nnipa ho animdefo adwene mu apaapae wɔ sɛnea wɔbɛboa anaasɛ wɔbɛpow sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu no ho.
Anti-san a wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ wɔn man mu
Nnipa ho animdefo binom te nka sɛ sɛ wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu a, ɛbɛpira nnipa ho nhwehwɛmu ne ntease. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Elizabeth Weiss ne James W. Springer gye di sɛ obi a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu no yɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔhwere, na ɛnam so ma “nsɛm a wɔhwere.”[6] Eyi fi sɛnea Atɔe Famfo nyansahu ne nimdeɛ ho adesua te. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nyansahu mu pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ atu mpɔn no, abɔde a nkwa wom ho animdefo sɔ akwan foforo hwɛ na wɔsan sɔ akwan dedaw hwɛ wɔ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano so. Weiss ne Springer ka Abibifo nkae ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛdɔɔso na ɛho hia sen biara ma afuw no. Wogye di sɛ sie a wɔsan sie no mma wontumi nnya nkɔso ne mmara kwan so akwan a wɔfa so yɛ nnipa ho adesua no.[6]
Sɛnea nnipa ho animdefo binom kyerɛ no, eyi nso siw nneɛma a ɛho hia pii a wohu no ano. Nnipa afunu a wosua no betumi ama wɔanya nsɛm a ɛfa nnipa abakɔsɛm a edii kan bae ho. Ɛboa nnipa ho animdefo ma wohu sɛnea nnipa dannan wɔn ho na wɔbaa hɔ.[7] Bio nso, nnipa afunu ho nhwehwɛmu da su ahorow pii adi wɔ tete nnipa dodow ho. Ebia ɛbɛda ɔmanfo akwahosan tebea, nyarewa, adwumayɛfo dwumadi, ne basabasayɛ a wohyiae adi. Nnipa ho adesua betumi ahu amammerɛ mu nneyɛe te sɛ ti nhwi mu nsakrae. Ebetumi aboa nnipa dodow a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ nso. Ne titiriw no, nnipa ho animdefo ahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ntini mu yare a edi kan wɔ tete nkae so. Wogye di sɛ saa hu a wohu yi so wɔ mfaso ma ntini mu yare a wohu ntɛm wɔ nnipa mu nnɛ.[7]
Nnipa ho animdefo binom te nka sɛ saa nneɛma a wɔahu yi bɛyera bere a wɔsan sie nnipa afunu no.[6][7]
Wɔboa sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu
Ɛnyɛ nnipa ho animdefo nyinaa na wɔsɔre tia sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu. Mmom no, ebinom te nka sɛ abrabɔ pa ho ahiade a afuw no abu wɔn ani agu so sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu. Sian Halcrow ne afoforo. kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ nnipa ho adesua wɔ abakɔsɛm a ɛfa mmusua mu nyiyim gyinapɛn abien ho.[8] Ne titiriw no, White nkae a ɛwɔ fam tutu mu na wɔsan sie atoyerɛnkyɛm nsɛm wɔ funnaka mu.Saa bere yi nyinaa, wɔde Abibifo ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ Aborɔfo nkae gu adaka mu a agye dimmɔne na wosua ho ade. Ɔhyɛ no nsow sɛ wobu nkae a wonya fi mu ne adesua a ɛmfata a wɔmma ho kwan no sɛ ɛyɛ ɔmanfo hokwan ahorow a wobu so. Halcrow ne afoforo. de nyansahyɛ ma sɛ obi a wɔbɛsan de no aba ne man mu no ne adesrɛ a ɛba fam koraa a ɛne sɛ wɔnyɛ obi amu sɛnea wɔyɛ afoforo no.[8] Nnipa ho animdefo binom bu wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom—ɛnyɛ hokwan—na mmom sɛ hokwan a nnipa wɔ a wɔapow nnipa a wɔn kɔla gu ahorow bere tenten dodo. Wommu nnipa a wɔsan de wɔn kɔ wɔn man mu no sɛ nnipa ho adesua a wɔahwere anaasɛ ɛhwe ase. Mmom no, wɔte nka sɛ nnipa a wɔsan de wɔn kɔ wɔn man mu no ne nnipa ho adesua a ɛrekɔ akwan horow a ɛfa abrabɔ pa ho kɛse so no mfiase.[8]
- ↑ https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144820392
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Archaeology", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-08, retrieved 2025-07-10
- 1 2 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54942-6
- 1 2 3 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-16577-5
- 1 2 3 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_and_reburial_of_human_remains#cite_note-:32-6
- 1 2 3 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-8264-8
- 1 2 3 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_and_reburial_of_human_remains#cite_note-:52-8
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_and_reburial_of_human_remains#cite_note-9