Niger’s Role in West African Migrant Repatriation Hubs

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu

Niger Dwumadie wɔ Abibirem Atɔeɛ Atutenafoɔ a Wɔresan aba wɔn man mu. Niger di dwuma titire wɔ Abibirem Atɔeɛ Atutenafoɔ a Wɔresan aba wɔn man mu, titire esiane sɛ ɛwɔ mmeaeɛ a akwan a ɛfa so tu kɔ Afrika Sahara Anafoɔ fam kɔ Afrika Atifi fam ne Europa no hyia no nti. Wɔ mfeɛ du a atwam mu no, Niger abɛyɛ beaeɛ titire a wɔtu atubrafoɔ a wɔatu wɔn ho asan kɔ wɔn man mu ne wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnsan nkɔ wɔn man mu no, titire wɔn a wɔkyere wɔn anaa wɔn a wɔato wɔn mu bere a wɔrekɔ Afrika Atifi fam anaa Mediterranea no. Amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde ahorow ne aman a ɛbemmɛn ɔman no, ne sɛnea wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ atubrafo a Europafoɔ tua wɔn ka no mu no ama ɔman no agye din kɛse wɔ atubrafoɔ a wɔfiri aman foforɔ so no mu.

Baabi asase no wɔ ne nhyehyɛeɛ ho mfasoɔ

Esiane sɛ Niger da Sahel mantam mu nti, ɔne aman nson na ɛbɔ hyeɛ, a Algeria ne Libya ka ho. Agadez a ɛwɔ Niger atifi fam no abɛyɛ baabi titire a atubrafoɔ a wɔrekɔ atifi fam no kɔ^[1]^[2]. Berɛ a atubrafoɔ akwan trɛɛ wɔ afe 2010 mu no, Agadez bɛyɛɛ beaeɛ titire a wɔhwɛ atubrafoɔ a wɔwɔ mpɔtam hɔ ne aman foforɔ so no so. Esiane sɛ Niger yɛ baabi a akwantufoɔ a wɔn ho nni mmara mu tu kwan nti, European Union (EU), International Organization for Migration (IOM), ne United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) de wɔn ani asi Niger so na wɔaboa no kɛseɛ^[3].

Nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛfa Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR)

Adwuma titiriw a wɔde reboa nnipa a wɔresan aba Niger no mu biako ne Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) nhyehyɛe a IOM na ɛyɛ no. Ɛdenam saa nhyehyɛe yi so no, wɔboa atubrafo a wɔaka akyere wɔn ho no ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu dwoodwoo. Ɛfiri afe 2017 kɔsi afe 2023 mu no, nnipa mpempem pii a wɔfi Nigeria, Mali, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, ne Senegal, na wɔnam Niger so san baa wɔn man mu wɔ saa nhyehyɛeɛ yi ase^[4]^[5].

Saa atubrafoɔ yi mu pii du mmeaeɛ a wɔde wɔn kɔ no wɔ Agadez anaa Niamey, baabi a wɔnya baabi tena, ayaresa, afotuo, ne akwantuo nkrataa ansa na wɔasan akɔ wɔn kurom. Wɔyɛ VHR dwumadie no wɔ aman a wɔfiri mu bae no mu, na ɛgyina ahofama, ahobammɔ, ne nnidie nhyehyɛeɛ so.

Asetena mu mmoa ahodoɔ

Nea ɛsen ɔsan a wɔde nkurɔfo ba fie no, Niger nso nam IOM ne EU mmoa so boa ma wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe de nkurɔfo san kɔ wɔn man mu. Eyinom bi ne adwuma ho ntetee, adwuma ho mmoa, ne adwene mu mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔsan ba^[6]^[7]. Adwene a ɛwɔ akyi ne sɛ wɔbɛtew atubrafo a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no so, na wɔasiesie nneɛma a ɛde atubrafo a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no aba.

Nanso, wɔn a wɔsan ba wɔn man mu no da so ara hyia nsɛnnennen esiane sikasɛm mu tebea a emu yɛ den ne nnipa a wɔhyɛ wɔn so a wɔsan ba wɔn man mu nti. Esiane sɛ Niger yɛ ɔman a ɛretwam nti, ɛnyɛ ɛno na ɛhwɛ ma wɔsan de wɔn kɔ ɔman foforo so, nanso ɛboa paa ma wɔsiesie wɔn ma saa nhyehyɛeɛ no yɛ adwuma.

Akwankyerɛ a wɔdi ho dwuma ne bammɔ nhyehyɛeɛ

Niger nso adi dwuma titiriw wɔ akwan a wɔfa so di aman a wɔatu akɔ hɔ no so, titiriw wɔ EU Trust Fund for Africa no mu. Wɔ Europa nhyɛso ase no, Niger de wɔn a wɔretwe wɔn ho fi aman foforo so no ho mmara a wɔhyɛe wɔ afe 2015 no bɔɔ wɔn a wɔretwe wɔn ho fi aman foforo so no ho ban, na eyi maa akwantufo a wɔretwe wɔn ho fi aman foforo so a wofi Agadez mu no so tewee kɛseɛ^[8]^[9]. Nanso, saa nsakraeɛ yi maa akwan a wɔnam so de nkurɔfo ba fam no nso yɛɛ kokoam akwan, na ɛmaa akwantufoɔ no ho dwiri wɔn kɛseɛ.

Nea ɛde ahobammɔ ho dadwen aba no bi ne amumɔyɛsɛm a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Sahel ne nnipa a wɔtɔn wɔn kɔ aman foforo so no, ama Niger dwumadi a ɛfa atubrafo ho no ayɛ den kɛse. Nanso, aman a ɛwɔ atɔe fam a wɔpɛ sɛ wosiw atubrafo a wɔfiri Abibirem Atɔe fam kɔ Europa ano no, aman a ɛwɔ hɔ no ayɛ nhwɛso pa ama wɔn.

Nnipa fahodie ne mmoa ho nhyehyɛeɛ

Ɛmfa ho sɛ VHR de n'adwene asi mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa so no, tebea a wɔsan de atubrafo bi kɔ wɔn man mu no da so ara haw wɔn. Amanneɛbɔ kyerɛ sɛ wɔpam atubrafo fi Algeria kɔ Niger anhweatam so, titiriw wɔ Assamaka mantam mu. Mpɛn pii no, saa atubrafo yi ba wɔ tebea a emu yɛ den mu, na nsu a ɛwɔ wɔn mu no asa, na wɔn ho yeraw wɔn^[10]. IOM ne mmoa ahyehyɛde ahorow taa gye saa nnipa yi na wɔboa wɔn, nanso asiane da so wɔ wɔn ahobammɔ ho.

Akasakasa a ɛda nnipa a wotu bata ne wɔn a wotu bata ntam no da so ara ma nkurɔfo nya adwene bi wɔ abrabɔ fam. Bere a Niger ne amanaman ntam adwumayɛfo ayɛ adwuma no ama nnipa bebree asan aba wɔn man mu no, ɛsan nso ma nsɛmmisa a ɛfa tumidi, nnwuma, ne akwan a wɔfa so de nkurɔfo san ba wɔn man mu no gyina.

Mmuaeɛ

Niger di dwuma titire wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam atubrafo a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu no mu, na ɛyɛ baabi a wɔfa so kɔ, ne baabi a wɔhwɛ ma nnipa nya mmoa. Niger nam ayɔnkofa a ɔne IOM, EU, ne aman a ɛbɛn no ayɛ no so ma atubrafo mpempem pii a wɔaka wɔn ho no san ba fie afe biara. Nanso, ɔman no nso rehyia nhyɛso ahorow a ɛne wɔn ho di asi - a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ mmara ase wɔ hye so na wɔabɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ ahobammɔ ho ban. Bere a atubrafo kɔ so ma amammuisɛm ne nnipa fam nsɛm tebea a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ yɛ papa no, Niger suahu no ma yenya asuade ne kɔkɔbɔ ma atubrafo nniso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam nyinaa.

Baabi menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

↑ Niger: hub of migration routes from West Africa to Europe | KfW Development Bank (in English), archived from the original on 2025-06-18, retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ Niger (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ OMC 2021 | Niger and the new frontiers of EU border externalisation: Curbing irregular migration through IOM’s (in)voluntary repatriation? (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ Fabio de Blasis, Silvia Pitzalis (2023-09), "Externalising migration control in Niger: the humanitarian–security nexus and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)", The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 367–387, doi:10.1017/s0022278x23000149, ISSN 0022-278X, retrieved 2025-06-18 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ IOM Niger (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ Marisa O. Ensor (2013-06-08), "Research frameworks on return and reintegration", IOM Migration Research Series, UN, pp. 21–30, ISBN 978-92-1-363033-4, retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ Multilateral Damage, retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ "Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael'", The Statesman’s Yearbook, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 82–82, 2018, ISBN 978-1-137-50852-2, retrieved 2025-06-18
↑ Statement from Amnesty International on the tragic loss of Gaëtan Mootoo, Amnesty International's West Africa Researcher, retrieved 2025-06-18

[1] Niger: hub of migration routes from West Africa to Europe | KfW Development Bank (in English), archived from the original on 2025-06-18, retrieved 2025-06-18

[2] Niger (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18

[3] OMC 2021 | Niger and the new frontiers of EU border externalisation: Curbing irregular migration through IOM’s (in)voluntary repatriation? (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18

[4] Fabio de Blasis, Silvia Pitzalis (2023-09), "Externalising migration control in Niger: the humanitarian–security nexus and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)", The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 367–387, doi:10.1017/s0022278x23000149, ISSN 0022-278X, retrieved 2025-06-18 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[5] IOM Niger (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18

[6] Marisa O. Ensor (2013-06-08), "Research frameworks on return and reintegration", IOM Migration Research Series, UN, pp. 21–30, ISBN 978-92-1-363033-4, retrieved 2025-06-18

[7] International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18

[8] Multilateral Damage, retrieved 2025-06-18

[9] "Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael'", The Statesman’s Yearbook, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 82–82, 2018, ISBN 978-1-137-50852-2, retrieved 2025-06-18

[10] Statement from Amnesty International on the tragic loss of Gaëtan Mootoo, Amnesty International's West Africa Researcher, retrieved 2025-06-18

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