Morocco’s Artifact Restitution Negotiations with France

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu

Morocco ne France redi nkɔmmɔ a ɛfa amammerɛ mu nnoɔma a wɔde bɛsan ama no ho, na eyi yɛ mmɔdemmɔ titi a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan agye ne man no agyapadeɛ a wɔsɛee ne fa kɛseɛ no ara wɔ nnisoɔ no mu no. Ɛsiane sɛ Morocco ne France (1912 - 1956) nyaa ayɔnkofa berɛ tenten wɔ amammerɛ mu, na ɔde n'ani sii diplomatic ne amammerɛ mu nkabom so mmom sen sɛ ɔbɛma wɔn nnoɔma a wɔagye afiri wɔn nsam.

Abakɔsɛm Mu Nsɛm a Ɛfa Nkɔsoɔ a Ɛsakra Ho

Bere a na France di Morocco so (1912 - 1956), wɔfaa nnoɔma a ɛfa amammerɛ ho, nsaano ntwerɛɛ, ne tete nneɛma mu nnoɔma mpempem pii firii Morocco kɔɔ France. Eyinom mu bi ne Islam nsaano ntwerɛɛ, Amazigh (Berber) aboɔden abo, adansi ho nneɛma, tete nnompe, anwenne, ne amammerɛ ho nneɛma. Wɔboaboaa nnoɔma yi mu pii ano wɔ abɔdeɛ mu nyansapɛ mu nhwehwɛmu, nnisoɔ ase, anaa wɔtɔɔ no wɔ tebea a asɛm wɔ ho mu. Nnwumakuo te sɛ Musée du quai Branly a ɛwɔ Paris ne Louvre no kura nnoɔma a wɔde yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Morocco.

Saa amammerɛ mu nnoɔma yi a wɔde kɔ mmeaeɛ foforɔ no kyerɛ sɛ na France wɔ nnisoɔ a ɛtena hɔ bere a na wɔde nneɛma ne agyapadeɛ a wɔde di dwuma wɔ wɔn aman so no bi ma wɔn, na ɛno na wɔde yɛɛ ne man no mu tete nnoɔma akorae. Berɛ a wɔkyerɛ nnoɔma bi a wɔnyae ho twerɛtohɔ na wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ akyɛde anaa nneɛma a wɔtɔɔ wɔ mmara kwan so no, wɔnyaa afoforɔ wɔ tumi a na wɔnni tumi koro mu, a na wɔnni nkrataa anaa hokwan a ɛfata.

Morocco Ntua Ho Nhyehyɛeɛ

Deɛ ɛnte sɛ Afrika aman bi a wɔakɔ so adi mmara so anaa wɔakɔ so adi nkoguo wɔ badwam sɛ wɔnsan mfa mma no, Morocco afa ɔkwan a ɛkyɛn so a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ baako. Yei ka aban ahodoɔ ntam nkɔmmɔbɔ, amammerɛ mu nkitahodie nhyehyɛeɛ, ne nwomasua mu nsesa ho. Morocco akɔ so ara reka sɛ wɔmfa nnoɔma a ɛho hia wɔ amammerɛ ne honhom fam no mma, titiriw nneɛma a ɛfa ne ho tẽẽ wɔ abakɔsɛm mu ne nnipa a wofi aman foforo so ho.

Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Morocco amammerɛ, mmeranteɛ, ne nkitahodie ho Ɔmanpanin, Mohamed Mehdi Bensaid, kaa sɛ ɔman no ne France aban reyɛ adwuma de rehwehwɛ nnoɔma a wɔtwee no wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu no na wɔasan de ama wɔn. Ɔmanpanin Emmanuel Macron kaa wɔ afe 2017 mu wɔ Burkina Faso sɛ France bɛyɛ adwuma ama wɔde Afrika agyapadeɛ a wɔfae bere a na wɔhyɛ aman no ase no asan aba. Saa asɛm yi na ɛhyɛɛ nkɔmmɔbɔ ase wɔ Francophone Afrika nyinaa.

Nsakrae a Aba Nnansa Yi

Nhwɛso a ɛda nsow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asɛm no kɔɔ yiye wɔ 2021 mu ne bere a France san de afeha a ɛto so 17 mu Islamfo nsoromma a wɔde yɛ nsoromma no maa Morocco. Na wɔbu saa nyansahu kwan a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ nniso ase no sɛ Moroccofo nwomasua mu agyapadeɛ a ɛho hia. Ɛsan kyerɛ sɛ France ayɛ krado sɛ ɔbɛsan de nneɛma no akɔma bere a wobetumi akyerɛ sɛ mfaso wɔ abrabɔ ne amammerɛ so no.

Morocco nso abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan ama Amazigh tete nnoɔma a ɛho hia ma Moroccofoɔ amammerɛ no. Eyinom bi ne akodeɛ, agudeɛ, ne ntadeɛ a wɔfa fii High Atlas ne Rif mmeaeɛ a seesei ɛwɔ France tete nnoɔma akorae anaa ankorankorɛ nnoɔma mu no. Wɔrebɔ mmɔden nso sɛ wɔbɛsan de tete nnoɔma a wɔaka no ne nnwinnadeɛ a wɔde yɛɛ adwuma ansa na wɔrekyerɛ abakɔsɛm no aba, a na wɔayi bi afi hɔ berɛ a na wɔretutu fam wɔ hɔ no.

Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, Morocco ne France ahyehyɛdeɛ ahodoɔ yɛɛ nhyiamu ahodoɔ ne amammerɛ ho nhyiamu ahodoɔ de hyɛɛ nteaseɛ a obiara wɔ wɔ agyapadeɛ no ho ne baabi a efi ho nhwehwɛmu ho nkuran, de hyɛɛ adwene a ɛne sɛ amammerɛ mu nkitahodie ho hia paa wɔ Morocco nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔde siesie agyapadeɛ no mu denk.

Mmara ne Abrabɔ Ho Nsɛm

Wɔ mmara kwan so no, UNESCO Apam a wɔde too gua wɔ 1970 mu a ɛbara amammerɛ ho agyapade a wɔde ma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛmfata so no foa Morocco adesrɛ no so. France ne Morocco nyinaa ka ho, nanso France no de wɔn sika a wɔde bɛsan ama wɔn no yɛ adwuma den, titiriw bere a wɔresan ama wɔn no, ɛfirisɛ mmara a ɛwɔ France no kyerɛ sɛ ɔmanfo nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano no yɛ nea "wontumi mfa mfa mma obi" wɔ ɔman no mmara mu.

Nanso, France aban afi ase de mmara a ɛma wotumi san de nneɛma pɔtee bi ma no aba. Afe 2020 no, mmara bi a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔayi afi tete nneɛma mu a ɛma kwan ma wɔde nneɛma a wɔayi afi tete nneɛma mu 26 san kɔma Benin ne biako kɔma Senegal no yɛ mmara kwan so asɛm a Morocco betumi de adi dwuma wɔ nkɔmmɔ a ɛrekɔ so no mu.

Wɔ abrabɔ fam no, akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa Morocco tete nneɛma ho no ma Europa tete nneɛma akorae ahorow no susuw wɔn amammerɛ mu agyapade no ho bio na wɔboa amammerɛ mu nsesa a ɛteɛ. Ɛsan srɛ Moroccan nnwumakuo sɛ wɔnhwɛ ma wɔn nsa nka nneɛma a wɔasan de aba no ho kyerɛwtohɔ, wɔnhwɛ so yiye, na ɔmanfo no nsa nka bi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhu mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ sɛ wɔsan de obi ba fie no so.

Ɔhaw Ahodoɔ ne Akwan a Wobɛfa so Anya Nkɔsoɔ

Ɛmfa ho nkɔso pa a aba no, Morocco da so ara hyia ɔhaw. Wɔanhunu baabi a tete nneɛma pii fi, na ebi wɔ ankorankorɛ bi hɔ anaa wɔtɔn wɔ aguadi mu wɔ baabi a nnipa ne aman ntam nhyehyɛe biara nni hɔ. Bio nso, logistic, conservation, ne sika ho nsɛmnsɛm da so wɔ Morocco tete nneɛma akorae ne agyapadeɛ afa, ɛwom sɛ aban no rebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛremma eyi nnyinaso.

Ɛho hia nso sɛ wɔma ɔmanfo a wɔwɔ Morocco no te nka yie wɔ nneɛma a wɔasan de ama ne agyapade a wɔakora so ho. Nkyerɛkyerɛ ho ɔsatu ahodoɔ, akorae mu nsakrae ahodoɔ, ne amammerɛ mu nneɛma a wɔsan de ma a wɔde ka ɔman no ho asɛm no ho hia na ama nnoɔma a wɔsan de ma no anya mfasoɔ kɛseɛ.

Mmoano

Morocco ne France a wɔresusuw tete nneɛma a wɔde ama wɔn no ho no kyerɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so de amammerɛ mu atɛntrenee yɛ adwuma. Sɛ́ anka Morocco de n'adwene besi asɛnni mu ntawntawdi so no, ɔde ne ho rehyɛ amammerɛ mu biakoyɛ ne abakɔsɛm mu nkitahodi mu na ama wanya n'agyapade a wɔatu afi hɔ no. Saa mmɔdenbɔ yi boa ma wɔsan nya abakɔsɛm mu adwempa, na ɛsan nso hyɛ Morocco bɔ a wahyɛ sɛ ɔbɛbɔ n'ankasa din ho ban, ama n'asase sofo nsɛm ho kwan, na ɔde ne ho ahyɛ wiase nyinaa nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛyi tete nneɛma akorae afi hɔ no mu.