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Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean

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Gambian Atubrafoɔ a Wɔsan Firii Libya ne Mediterranea. Gambia yɛ ɔman ketewa bi a ɛwɔ Abibirem Atɔeɛ fam, ahunu sɛ nnipa pii atu kwan a wɔn ho nni mmara mu, titire wɔ Central Mediterranean Route (CMR) a ɛfa Libya so no. Mpɛn pii no, wɔka Gambiafoɔ mmeranteɛ ne mmabaa mpempem pii a wɔatu afiri wɔn man mu kɔhwehwɛ sikasɛm mu fahodie wɔ Europa no ho asɛm sɛ "wɔn a wɔresan akɔ wɔn akyi". Ɛmu bebree naa na wɔhyɛ wɔn aniɛyaa, wɔde wɔn agu afiase, anaa wɔde wɔn ayɛ nkoa, titire wɔ Libya ne po so, a ama aman pii rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn aba wɔn man mu. Gambia atubrafoɔ a wɔsan firi Libya ne Mediterranea no ama nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia a ɛfa wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu, atubrafoɔ nnisoɔ, ne mmeranteɛ ne mmabaa no asetena ne wɔn sikasɛm ho no asɔre[1].

Wɔn a wɔboa ma nkurɔfo tu wɔ Gambia

[sesa]

Atutena ɛnni mmara mu a ɛfiri Gambia baeɛ no yɛɛ kɛseɛ wɔ afe 2014 ne 2017 ntam. Ɛmfa ho sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ɔman no mu sua no, ɔman no ka aman a nnipa dodoɔ a wɔtu Mediterranea no so paa no ho[2][3]. Nnoɔma a ɛboa paa ne adwuma a wɔnnya nyɛ, ohia, nwomasua a wɔnnya, amanyɔsɛm mu nhyɛsoɔ (ne titire wɔ Yahya Jammeh amammuo mu), ne nnipa nhyɛsoɔ a ɛma obi di yie wɔ amannɔne[4][5].

Sum ase dwadie ne nsɛm a ɛmfata a wɔde ba nkurɔfoɔ nkyɛn nso ka ho bi na nnipa pii tu firi wɔn man mu, na na atubrafoɔ pii nnim asiane a na wɔbɛhyia wɔ Libya anaa po so no.

Wɔn a wɔsan Firii Libya

[sesa]

International Organization for Migration (IOM) aboa ma Gambian atubrafoɔ a wɔaka akyere wɔn ho wɔ Libya no asan akɔ wɔn kurom wɔ Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) nhyehyɛe no mu[6]. Efi afe 2017 kosi afe 2023 mu no, Gambiafo atubrafo bɛboro 7,000 na wɔnam IOM mmoa so yii wɔn fii Libya, a na nea ɛka ho ne ayaresa mu nhwehwɛmu ansa na atubrafo no rekɔ, akwantu nkrataa, ne mmoa a wɔde boa wɔn ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu bere a wɔadu hɔ no[7][8].

Saa a wɔsan bae yi yɛ EU-IOM nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛtrɛ a wɔde rehwɛ atubrafo a wɔwɔ Afrika Atifi fam no so, na mpɛn pii no, atubrafoɔ a wɔde wɔn kɔ nneduaban mu anaa wɔn a wɔagye wɔn afiri tebea a asiane wom mu wɔ Libya no na wɔhwɛ wɔn so. Ná wɔatɔ wɔn mu pii aguadi mu, wɔato wɔn mmonnaa, wɔayɛ wɔn ayayadeɛ, na wɔhyɛ wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwumaden.

Wɔn a wɔfiri Mediterranea Po no so aba

[sesa]

Wɔ Libya akyi no, Gambifoɔ pii a wɔabɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛfa po so akɔ Europa no, Libya Mpoano Asraafoɔ anaa Europa po so asraafodɔm no agye wɔn. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtu saa atubrafoɔ yi gu Libya na wɔde wɔn to afiase, na akyiri yi IOM boa wɔn ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu. Afoforɔ nso asan aba Gambia tee afiri Mediterranea mmoa a wɔde gye wɔn nkwa no mu wɔ bilateral anaa multilateral nhyehyɛeɛ mu[9][10].

EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF) ne GIZ aboa nhyehyɛe te sɛ "Gambia Return and Reintegration Programme", a wɔhwɛ so sɛ wɔbɛboa wɔn a wɔsan ba wɔn man mu no ma wɔasan afi wɔn asetena ase bio.

Asetena mu haw ahodoɔ

[sesa]

Ɛmfa ho mmɔden a wɔbɔeɛ no, ɔhaw pii wɔ Gambia a nkurɔfoɔ a wɔresan akɔtena ɔman foforɔ so no mu. Wɔn a wɔsan ba no mu pii hyia animguaseɛ, adwuma a wɔnnya nyɛ, ne adwenemhaw. Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔsan ba no bu wɔn sɛ "wɔn a wɔadi nkoguo" esiane sɛ wɔantumi ankɔ Europa nti, berɛ a wɔn a wɔsan ba no ankasa rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛgyina wɔn adaeso ne wɔn awerɛhosɛm ano[11].

Mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn asetra mu wɔ sikasɛm mu no bi ne adwuma ho ntetee, nnwuma nketewa ho mmoa, ne adwenemyare ho afotu. Nanso, da so ara yɛ asɛm no mu yɛ duru. Wɔn a wɔsan ba no bi bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn kurom esiane sɛ wonni hokwan pii wɔ fie nti - adeyɛ a wɔfrɛ no "recycling migration"[12][13].

Aban ne nnwumakuo ahodoɔ mmoa

[sesa]

Gambia aban, ne IOM ne nnipa afoforo a wɔn ani gye asɛm no ho ayɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so yɛ ɔman no mu akwantu nhyehyɛe a wɔde siesie wɔn a wɔbɛsan aba wɔn man mu ne wɔn a wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu no. Nhyehyɛe a wɔayɛ a wɔde reboa mmabun a wɔakɔ ɔman foforo so ne Gambia Youth Empowerment Project a ɛwɔ EU Emergency Trust Fund no mu nso aboa ma mmerante ne mmabaa anya adwuma na wɔanya nimdeɛ a ɛbɛma wɔatumi ako atia atubrafo a wɔnkɔ ɔman foforɔ so no[14].

Gambia Returnee Support Group, a ɛyɛ nnipakuw a wɔn a wɔsan ba no di anim no, adi dwuma sɛ wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ akwantu a ahobammɔ wom ne wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu no mu.

Mmuaeɛ

[sesa]

Gambia atubrafo a wɔsan fi Libya ne Mediterranea no kyerɛ sɛ Gambia mmerante ne mmabaa pɛ sɛ wotu kɔtena aman foforo so, na saa ara nso na wɔn ani gye akwantu a ɛmfata ho. Bere a atubrafo a wɔsan ba fie ne wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn asetena mu no nya ahotɔ ntɛmntɛm no, nea ɛbɛboa wɔn ma wɔadi nkonim wɔ bere tenten mu no gyina nneɛma a ɛma wɔsan ba fie no so - titiriw mmerante ne mmabaa adwuma a wonnya nyɛ ne nniso ho nsɛm. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ ma wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom no nya asetena pa, na wɔhwɛ nso sɛ wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom no rennya kwan nkɔfa akwan a ɛyɛ hu so bio.

Baabi menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

[sesa]
  1. ↑ The Experience of Gambian Migrants in Libya: Understanding Factors that Influenced their Returned (in American English), retrieved 2025-06-18
  2. ↑ Ahmet Içduygu (2003-02-14), "Migrant experiences", IOM Migration Research Series, UN, pp. 29–41, ISBN 978-92-1-363004-4, retrieved 2025-06-18
  3. ↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
  4. ↑ Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
  5. ↑ Return Migration Governance in India during COVID-19, IOM Migration Research Series, United Nations, 2023-09-07, ISBN 978-92-9268-735-9, retrieved 2025-06-18
  6. ↑ With EU Support, IOM Facilitates Voluntary Return of 178 Gambians from Libya (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
  7. ↑ Jean-Pierre Gauci (2023-06-29), "IOM and 'Assisted Voluntary Return'", IOM Unbound?, Cambridge University Press, pp. 397–419, ISBN 978-1-009-18417-5, retrieved 2025-06-18
  8. ↑ News (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
  9. ↑ UNHCR-sub office Jalalabad repatriation data / United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)., University of Arizona Libraries, 1998, retrieved 2025-06-18
  10. ↑ Operational Data Portal, retrieved 2025-06-18
  11. ↑ "'It Was Not Quite What I Had Expected': Some Samoan Returnees' Experiences of Samoa", Return Migration of the Next Generations, Routledge, pp. 37–58, 2016-12-05, ISBN 978-1-315-24424-2, retrieved 2025-06-18
  12. ↑ "World Migration Report 2022", IOM World Migration Report, 2021-12-21, doi:10.18356/9789292680763, ISSN 2414-2603, retrieved 2025-06-18
  13. ↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
  14. ↑ With EU Support, IOM Facilitates Voluntary Return of 178 Gambians from Libya (in English), retrieved 2025-06-18
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