Ethiopia’s Push for Return of Human Remains from Italy
Ethiopia, a na ɛka Afrika aman kakraa bi a wɔtumi ko tiaa Europafoɔ nnisoɔ a ɛtenaa hɔ bere tenten no mu baako no ho, ne nyinaa akyi no, Fascist Italy dii wɔn so atirimɔden so firi 1936 kɔsi 1941 mu. Wɔ saa berɛ yi mu no, wɔyɛɛ atirimɔdensɛm pii, a na nea ɛka ho ne nnipakuo kum, amammerɛ ne nyamesom nnoɔma a wɔawia, ne nnipa a wɔdɔ Ethiopiafo ne ɔmanfo a wɔdaadaa wɔn a wɔde wɔn nnompe kɔtoo Italia. Mfeɛ kakra a atwam ni no, Ethiopia ayɛ mmɔden a emu yɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ saa nnompe yi, na ama wɔatumi asan de ama ɔman no, na wɔatumi anya atɛntrenee ama ɔman no.
Abakɔsɛm
[sesa]Na Italiafo a wɔhyɛ Benito Mussolini ase no pɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn tumi hyɛ Afrika so. Saa nkonimdie yi de basabasayɛ a ɛho hia baa hɔ, titiriw 1937 Yekatit 12 atirimɔdensɛm no, a wɔkumm Ethiopiafo mpempem pii ne wɔn a wɔagye din wɔ Italy ɔhempɔn, Rodolfo Graziani[1] a na wɔpɛ sɛ wokum no no.
Berɛ a na wɔrekunkum nnipa yi ne bere a wokunkum wɔn akyi no, Italy atumfoɔ no boaboaa nnipa nnompe ano - titire nkatabo ne nnompe - de yɛɛ "nyansahu" nhwehwɛmu ne sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so nneɛma. Wɔde bi kɔɔ Italy sukuupɔn ne tete nneɛma akorae hɔ ma wosuaa ho ade wɔ nnipa mu nyansapɛ mu anaa wɔde bi yɛɛ akodie agyapadeɛ a na egyina hɔ ma Italia ahempɔn no botae ahodoɔ so[2].
Nnipa nnompe a wɔakora so wɔ Italy
[sesa]Nneɛma a wɔayi afi hɔ saa bere yi mu no pii kɔduu mmeaeɛ te sɛ Rome Suapɔn, Anthropology and Ethnology Museum a ɛwɔ Florence, ne Sapienza Sukuupɔn a ɛwɔ Rome no mu. Eyinom mu bi ne Etiopia atuatefoɔ ne ɔmanfoɔ a na wɔn mu bi agye din wɔ Italiafo nniso no a wɔsɔre tiaa no no nnompe.
Wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, wɔkyerɛw ankorankoro no din, na wɔ afoforo mu no, wɔmaa wɔn din daa hɔ anaasɛ wɔmaa wɔn din daa hɔ. Wɔn mu a wɔagye din paa ne Ras Imru Haile Selassie a ɔyɛ Ɔhempɔn Haile Selassie busuani a na ɔyɛ Etiopiani ɔmampanyin a na wɔdi no ni no. Ebinom gye di sɛ wɔkyeree no de no kɔɔ Italy, nanso wɔda so ara gye akyinnye wɔ baabi a wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ Italy no ho[3].
Ethiopiafoɔ hwehwɛ sɛ wɔbɛsan aba wɔn mɛn mu
[sesa]Wɔ afe 2000 mfitiase no, Ethiopia fii ase yɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛfa amammerɛ ho nneɛma ne nnipa nkae afiri Italy. Saa mmɔdemmɔ yi nyaa nkɔso berɛ a wɔsan de Axum Obelisk no baa ɔman no mu wɔ afe 2005 mu no, na ɛdaa adi sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ na wɔbɛtumi de nkurɔfo aba wɔn man mu kɛkɛ, na mmom na wɔfata wɔ abrabɔ ne amanyɔsɛm fam.
Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, Ethiopia amammerɛ ne nsrahwɛ adwuma no de adesrɛ kɔɔ Italy aban no hɔ sɛ wɔnsan mfa nnipa nnompe ne nneɛma foforo a ɛyɛ kronkron mma wɔn, a nea ɛka ho ne nnipa a wɔde wɔn ho bɔɔ afɔre maa wɔn man no a wɔkum wɔn wɔ ɔko no mu no nnompe[4]. UNESCO ne Amanaman Nkabom no Abakɔsɛm Mu Nhyehyɛe a Ɛfa Aborɔfo Ahofadi Ho, a ɛka sɛ nnipa wɔ hokwan sɛ wɔn nsa ka nnipa nnompe ne wɔn amammerɛ ho nneɛma a wɔayi afi wɔn hɔ a wɔn ani nnye ho no, foa saa nsɛm yi so.
Italyfoɔ Mmuaeɛ ne ɔhaw ahodoɔ
[sesa]Italy aban no afa akwan bi so de adi Ethiopia haw ahorow ho dwuma, a nea ɛka ho ne amammerɛ mu basabasayɛ a wɔagye atom wɔ baguam ne amammerɛ mu boayikuw ahorow a wɔhyehyɛ no. Nanso, nkɔso a wɔanya wɔ nnipa nnompe a wɔasan de aba no ho yɛ kakraa bi. Italyfo nnwuma taa ka mmara mu, nyansahu mu, anaa logistical akwanside ahorow ho asɛm, a emu bi ne ahohia a ɛwɔ baabi a wofi bae no a wɔhwehwɛ mu anaa nkyerɛwde a emu da hɔ a ɛkyekyere nkae pɔtee bi a ɛwɔ Ethiopia ho no a enni hɔ[5].
Bio nso, akyinnyegye a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Italy wɔ ɔman no ahosodi ne abakɔsɛm mu asɛyɛde ho no da so ara ka ɔpɛ a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no wɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan de nkae no aba ɔman no mu. Bere a mmoa a wɔde ma amammerɛ mu nneɛma no redɔɔso no, nnipa nnompe a wɔsan de ma no da so ara yɛ asɛmti a agye akyinnye wɔ nhomanimfo ne nnwumakuw mu.
Mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ wɔ amammerɛ ne ne dwumamadie mu
[sesa]Wɔ Ethiopiafo, ne titiriw wɔn a wɔko tiaa nnommum no asefo fam no, nnipa nnompe a wɔsan de bae no nyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so ade kɛkɛ - ɛyɛ honhom fam atɛntrenee, nidi, ne ɔman ahohoahoa asɛm. Ethiopia Ortodɔks Kristofo ayiyɛ amammerɛ no si hia a ɛho hia sɛ wodi awufo ho amanne a ɛfata no so dua. Sɛ wɔankɔsie obi anaa wɔansɛe ne nnompe a, wɔbu no sɛ ɛyɛ animguaseɛ a ɛtia onipa no ne ɔman no honhom fam nneɛma nyinaa[6].
Sɛ wɔsan de saa nnompe yi ba a, ɛbɛma wɔatumi ayɛ ɔman ayi, agye abakɔsɛm atom, na wɔayɛ ɔman awerɛhodi afahyɛ ahorow a ɛbɛboa ma wɔasa nnɛɛmmafo a wɔtraa hɔ mfe pii a atwam no haw. Ɛbɛsan nso ama Ethiopia ada n'ahoɔden adi wɔ abakɔsɛm mu abakɔsɛm a ahyɛaseɛ no, na tumi a ɛhyɛ hɔ no adi so.
Awieeɛ
[sesa]Ethiopia a ɛrehwehwɛ sɛ wɔsan de nnipa nnompe fi Italy no yɛ wiase nyinaa nnipakan bi a ɛrehwehwɛ sɛ wɔsan de wɔn nananom nnompe a wɔfaa wɔn bere a na wɔredi wɔn so no ba. Bere a nkɔso no akɔ fam nkakrankakra no, Ethiopia gyinabeɛ - a mmara mu nhyehyɛe, abrabɔ mu nkotɔsrɛ, ne amanaman ntam mmoa gyina akyi no - da so ara de nhyɛso rehyɛ Italy so sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ edi n'ahemman mu abakɔsɛm ho dwuma. Sɛ wɔsan de saa nnompe yi ma a, ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔayɛ ade kɛse bi a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ asomdwoe ne atɛntrenee wɔ abakɔsɛm mu.
Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
[sesa]- ↑ Rainer Baudendistel (2006-05-01), Between Bombs and Good Intentions, Berghahn Books, ISBN 978-1-78238-872-2, retrieved 2025-07-04
- ↑ E. D. Malpass (1971-07), "The Ethiopian War - Angelo Del Boca, The Ethiopian War, 1935–1941. trans. P. D. Cummins. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969. Pp. 289. $7.95.)", The Review of Politics, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 450–451, doi:10.1017/s0034670500013504, ISSN 0034-6705, retrieved 2025-07-04
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Serawit B. Debele (2020-07), "MARRIAGE AND EMPIRE: CONSOLIDATION IN POST-LIBERATION ETHIOPIA (1941–74)", The Journal of African History, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 201–217, doi:10.1017/s0021853720000316, ISSN 0021-8537, retrieved 2025-07-04
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ "Events", Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 71–72, 2003-01, doi:10.1016/s1296-2074(03)00010-4, ISSN 1296-2074, retrieved 2025-07-04
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ "CHOOSING COLONIAL COLLECTIONS", Inconvenient Heritage, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 19–27, 2022-06-08, retrieved 2025-07-04
- ↑ Roy Pateman, Haggai Erlich (1987-03), "Ethiopia and the Challenge of Independence", African Studies Review, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 131, doi:10.2307/524516, ISSN 0002-0206, retrieved 2025-07-04
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)