Burkina Faso’s Repatriation of Royal Regalia

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei Asante Twi mu

Burkina Faso afa akwan a ɛho hia so wɔ Afrika aman nyinaa mu sɛ wɔbɛsan agye amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔsɛee no berɛ a na wɔdi amammerɛ ase no. Nnoɔma a wɔde yɛɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so paa no bi ne ahyɛnsodeɛ a wɔde gye ahemfo agyapade - ahemmotiri, akode, nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ ayeforohyia, ne agyapadeɛ a wɔn nananom de agyaw wɔn a wɔfaa wɔn firii ahemman ahodoɔ mu wɔ Fransefoɔ nnisoɔ ase no. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ saa nneɛma yi, a wɔn mu pii wɔ France tete nneɛma akorae hɔ no yɛ kronkron na ɛho hia paa ma amammerɛ, abakɔsɛm, ne tumidi a ɛwɔ ɔman no mu, te sɛ Mossi, Gurunsi, Bwa, ne Lobi.

Abakɔsɛm

Franse nnisoɔ a na ɛwɔ Burkina Faso, a kan no na wɔfrɛ hɔ Upper Volta no firii ase wɔ afe 1896 mu. Berɛ a na asraafoɔ redi nkonim, titire wɔn a wɔto hyɛɛ ahemman a wɔsɔre tia wɔn te sɛ Yatenga ne Tenkodogo so no, na France asraafoɔ ne wɔn mpanimfoɔ fa ahemfie nnoɔma sɛ akodi agudeɛ anaa nnipa ho nneɛma. Akyiri yi wɔde saa nneɛma yi kɔmaa tete nnoɔma akorae wɔ France, te sɛ Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac, anaa wɔkyekyɛɛ no maa ankorɛankorɛ a wɔboaboa nnoɔma ano^[1].

Na Mossi Ahemman no ade a wɔde hyɛ ahemfo agyapadeɛ te sɛ ahennwa, ahemfo mpopaho, ahempoma, ne ntade a wɔde hyɛ ahemfo agyapadeɛ no yɛ ade titiriw a na wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsɛe esiane sɛnea na ɛyɛ fɛ na ɛsom bo no nti. Ná saa nneɛma yi ho hia bere a wɔhyɛ ahemfo ahenkyɛ ne berɛ a wɔyɛ ɔsom ne amanyɔsɛm mu amanne ahodoɔ a ɛho hia no. Ɛnyɛ amammerɛ a na wɔde di dwuma nko na wɔn a wɔhweree no sɛee, na mmom amanneɛ ahodoɔ a wɔde di dwuma no nso.

Ntoa a Burkina Faso bɔ fa nnoɔma wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde san ba wɔn man mu no ho

Burkina Faso firii aseɛ bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan ama wɔn amammerɛ agyapadeɛ no wɔ afe 2010 mfitiaseɛ mu, nanso sɛ wɔtintim Sarr-Savoy Report (2018) a France aban no hyɛe sɛ wɔnkyerɛ no ase wie a, na wɔn mmɔdenbɔ no ayɛ kɛse. Saa amanneɛbɔ titiriw yi kae sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde Afrika amammerɛ ho nneɛma a wɔfa fii hɔ bere a na wɔhyɛ aman foforo ase no san ma wɔn berɛ nyinaa^[2]^[3].

Yei akyi no, Burkina Faso amammerɛ, adwinneɛ ne nsrahwɛ adwuma no yɛɛ nneɛma a wɔde firi Burkina Faso a ɛwɔ France tete nneɛma akorae mu no ho kyerɛwtohɔ, na wɔmaa Franse aban no tumi sɛ wɔnsan mfa wɔn mmra. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, Burkina Faso ka Afrika aman anum a wɔne France yɛɛ apam a ɛfa amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔde bɛsan ama no ho^[4].

Ahemfo nnoɔma a wɔsan de baeɛ

Wɔ Ahinime bosome wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Burkina Faso nsa kaa tete nnoɔma a wɔsan de bae pii firii France, a ahemfo nnoɔma pii ka ho. Dea ɛdidi soɔ yi yɛ emu nsɛnkyerɛnne kwan so:

Tenkodogo Hene no ahengua, dua a wɔabɔ no fɛfɛɛfɛ a wogye di sɛ efi afeha a ɛto so 19 mu;
Mossi ahemman no ahyɛnsode, te sɛ dade poma, akodi nkontaabu, ne nsõ a wɔde di afahyɛ;
Nnwom a wɔde bɔ nnwom ne nkataanim a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ahenkyɛw ne nananom som mu.

Wɔsan de saa nneɛma yi baa ɔman no mu wɔ aman abien ntam amammerɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ mu, na wɔde maa wɔn wɔ ɔman no amanne ho dwumadi bi mu a tete akannifo, aban mpanyimfo, ne amammerɛ ho akyitaafoɔ kɔɔ bi.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne kwan so ne amammerɛ mu mfasoɔ

Adehyeman ahyɛnsodeɛ no a wɔsan de bae no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so ade kɛse. Eyi nyɛ abakɔsɛm mu nneɛma bi kɛkɛ - ɛyɛ nkae, tumi, ne nipasu ho nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma. Wɔn a wonni hɔ no ama amanne ahorow a wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa no ayɛ den bere tenten, na ama nkurɔfo atetew wɔn ho afi wɔn nananom a wɔtenaa ase tete no ho.

Mogho Naba, Mossifo panyin no, kaa ahenwa no ne n'abodin no ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ "honhom mu nkabom" ne "atɛnkyea a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ abakɔsɛm mu"^[5]^[6].

Bio nso, wobu nneɛma yi sɛ ɛho hia ma mmerante ne mmabaa ntetee, amammerɛ mu nsakrae, ne wɔn a wɔadi wɔn akyi no ayaresa. Wɔreboa Burkina Faso Amanaman Nkaedum no ne mmeae a wɔhwɛ tete nneɛma so wɔ hɔ no ama wɔatumi de saa nneɛma yi ayɛ hɔ na wɔada no adi, na ama wɔn a wɔhwɛ tete nneɛma so ne ɔmanfo nyinaa anya bi.

Ɔhaw ahodoɔ ne kwan a wɔbɛfa so asɔ ano

Wɔ afe 2022 a wɔde maa no no yɛ nkɔsoɔ kɛseɛ no, Burkinabè nnoɔma mpempem pii - titire wɔn a wɔkyekyɛɛ wɔn mu sɛ nnipa ne nyamesom nneɛma - da so ara wɔ Europa nnwumakuo mu. Ɔhaw titire no bi ne:

Mmara mu akwanside ahorow a ɛwɔ France mmara mu, a ɛbɔ ɔman mu tete nneɛma agyapade a wɔde ma ho ban gye sɛ Ɔman Bagua no pene so ansa;
Ntwerɛ a enni mu a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi a na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ aman anaa ahemfo mmusua mu;
Ɛho hia sɛ wɔkora nneɛma no so, efisɛ nneɛma no bi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ hu, na ɛhia sɛ wɔkora so yiye, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ Burkina Faso.

Ɛmfa ho ɔhaw ahodoɔ yi no, aman mmienu no kɔ so ne wɔn ho di nkitaho. France amammerɛ nnwuma no ada wɔn ho adi kɛse wɔ bere tenten a wɔde kyɛ ade, wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ma wɔhwɛ nneɛma so, ne wɔn a wɔde nneɛma a wɔagye ato hɔ wɔ mmara mu no ma wɔn no ho.

Awieeɛ

Nea Burkina Faso reyɛ de reboa ahemfo agyapadeɛ no yɛ mmɔdemmɔ kɛseɛ a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan ama honhom fam, abakɔsɛm mu, ne amammerɛ mu nnyinasoɔ a nnisoɔ no sɛee no. Ahenni nneɛma a wɔsan de ba no ma ɔman no agyapade yɛ kɛse, na ɛma ahemman a ɛwɔ hɔ no tumi, na ɛhyɛ dibea a wɔde di ɔman no anim no mu den. Bere a nneɛma a wɔde kae ne nneɛma kronkron pii resan aba no, Burkina Faso kɔ so yɛ ne amammerɛ ho nhyehyɛe foforo denam ne tete nneɛma a wɔawia no so.

Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

↑ Jonathan Paquette (2020-08-07), "France and the restitution of cultural goods: the Sarr-Savoy report and its reception", Cultural Trends, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 302–316, doi:10.1080/09548963.2020.1819773, ISSN 0954-8963, retrieved 2025-07-18
↑ The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics (in American English), archived from the original on 2021-08-15, retrieved 2025-07-18
↑ Jonathan Paquette (2020-08-07), "France and the restitution of cultural goods: the Sarr-Savoy report and its reception", Cultural Trends, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 302–316, doi:10.1080/09548963.2020.1819773, ISSN 0954-8963, retrieved 2025-07-18
↑ Afolasade A Adewumi, John Oluwole, A Akintayo, Andrzej Jakubowski (2024-02-29), "Article 15 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Agreements for Return or Restitution of Cultural Property Removed Prior to 1972", The 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions on Stolen or Illegally Transferred Cultural Property, Oxford University Press, pp. 368–382, ISBN 0-19-284688-4, retrieved 2025-07-18{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "Burkina Faso", Profils Tarifaires dans le Monde, WTO, pp. 65–65, 2022-01-01, ISBN 978-92-870-5371-8, retrieved 2025-07-18
↑ Le Monde - Toute l’actualité en continu (in French), retrieved 2025-07-18

[1] Jonathan Paquette (2020-08-07), "France and the restitution of cultural goods: the Sarr-Savoy report and its reception", Cultural Trends, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 302–316, doi:10.1080/09548963.2020.1819773, ISSN 0954-8963, retrieved 2025-07-18

[2] The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics (in American English), archived from the original on 2021-08-15, retrieved 2025-07-18

[3] Jonathan Paquette (2020-08-07), "France and the restitution of cultural goods: the Sarr-Savoy report and its reception", Cultural Trends, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 302–316, doi:10.1080/09548963.2020.1819773, ISSN 0954-8963, retrieved 2025-07-18

[4] Afolasade A Adewumi, John Oluwole, A Akintayo, Andrzej Jakubowski (2024-02-29), "Article 15 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Agreements for Return or Restitution of Cultural Property Removed Prior to 1972", The 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions on Stolen or Illegally Transferred Cultural Property, Oxford University Press, pp. 368–382, ISBN 0-19-284688-4, retrieved 2025-07-18{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] "Burkina Faso", Profils Tarifaires dans le Monde, WTO, pp. 65–65, 2022-01-01, ISBN 978-92-870-5371-8, retrieved 2025-07-18

[6] Le Monde - Toute l’actualité en continu (in French), retrieved 2025-07-18

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