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British Museum (aerial)

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British Museum yɛ ɔman no tete akoraeɛ a wɔde ma nnipa abakɔsɛm, adwinne ne amammerɛ a ɛwɔ

British Museum is located in Central London
British Museum is located in Central London

Bloomsbury mpɔtam wɔ London. Ne nwomakorabea a ɛwɔ hɔ daa no yɛ nnwumakuw ɔpepem nwɔtwe no mu biako a ɛso sen biara wɔ wiase[1]. Ɛkyerɛ nnipa amammerɛ ho abakɔsɛm fi ne mfiase de besi nnɛ[2]. British Museum a wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ 1753 mu no yɛ ɔman no tete tete akorae a edi kan[3]. Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, akorae no nyaa ahɔho 5,820,860 a na wɔn dodow boro nea wɔkɔɔ hɔ afe a etwaam no so ɔha mu nkyem 42. Annyɛ koraa no, kuw biako bu no sɛ ɛyɛ beae a agye din paa wɔ United Kingdom[4].

Mfiase no, na akorae no gyina Anglo-Irish ɔyaresafo ne nyansahufo, Sir Hans Sloane, nneɛma a ɔboaboaa ano so[5]. Wɔbuee no maa ɔmanfo wɔ 1759 mu, wɔ Montagu House, wɔ beae a ɛnnɛ adan

no wɔ no. Tete nneɛma akorae no trɛwee wɔ mfe 250 a edii so no mu no, ne kɛse mu no, na efi Britaniafo amammerɛ ase, na ɛde baa dwumadibea nketewa, anaa nnwumakuo a wɔn ho nni wɔn ho so, a nea edi kan no yɛ Twerɛnsɛm no wɔ afe 1881 mu. N'adeyɛ a agye din paa te sɛ Hela Elgin Marbles ne Egypt Rosetta Stone no, wɔadi akyinnye wɔ ho bere tenten na wɔsan de wɔn aba wɔn man mu[6][7].

Wɔ afe 1973 mu no, British Library Act 1972 no yii nhomakorabea no fii British Museum no mu, nanso ɛkɔɔ so yɛɛ British Library a ɛnnɛ emu atetew no wɔ Akenkan dan koro no ara mu ne ɔdan no mu te sɛ akorae no kosii afe 1997 mu. Dwumadibea no yɛ ɔman no agyapadeɛ a ɛnnyɛ ɔfese na Ɔfese a Ɛhwɛ Amammerɛ, Nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ ne Agodie so na ɛhwɛ so. Te sɛ UK ɔman no tete akorae nyinaa no, entua admission fee biara, gye sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔagye ato hɔ ma wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho[8].

Abakɔsɛm

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Sir Hans Sloane

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Sir Hans Sloane

Ɛwom sɛ ɛnnɛ Britain Tete Nnoɔma Akorae no yɛ tete nneɛma akorae titiriw de, nanso wɔhyehyɛɛ no

sɛ "abɔdeɛ nyinaa tete nneɛma akorae". Ne nnyinasoɔ ne Anglo-Irish dɔkota ne abɔde ho nimdefo Sir Hans Sloane (1660 - 1753), London-based dɔkota ne nyansahufo a ɔfiri Ulster no apɛdeɛ. Ne nkwa nna mu no, ne titire no berɛ a ɔwaree Jamaican afuo wura bi no, Sloane boaboaa nneɛma bebree ano, na na ɔmpɛ sɛ ne nneɛma a ɔboaboaa ano no bɛsɛe wɔ ne wu akyi, enti ɔde maa Ɔhene George II, maa ɔman no, gyee £20,000 (a ɛne £3,846,793 wɔ afe 2023 mu no) maa n'agyapadeɛ no, na wɔtua no maa n'agyapadeɛ no agyapadeɛ a ne boɔ yɛ £50,000 (a ɛne £9,616,983 wɔ afe 2023 mu no) anaa nea ɛboro saa no[9][10].

Saa berɛ no, na Sloane nneɛma a ɔboaboaa ano no yɛ nneɛma ahodoɔ bɛyɛ 71,000[11] a nwoma a wɔatintim bɛyɛ 40,000, nsaano nkyerɛwee 7,000, abɔde ho abakɔsɛm ho nneɛma pii a ebi ne nnua a wɔamoma so 337, mfonini ne mfonini a Albrecht Dürer yɛe ne tete nneɛma a efi Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, tete Near ne Far East ne Amerika[12].

Adan ahodoɔ

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Greek Revival aban no a ɛhwɛ Great Russell Street so no yɛ Sir Robert Smirke adansi a ɛyɛ soronko,

The museum's main entrance

a ɛwɔ kɔmpɔn 44 wɔ Ionic kwan so a ne tenten yɛ anammɔn 45 (14 m), a egyina Athena Polias asɔredan a ɛwɔ Priene wɔ Asia Kumaa no so. Wɔde Sir Richard Westmacott nsɛsode a ɛkyerɛ The Progress of Civilization, a emu nnipa dunum a wɔaka wɔn ho asɛm wɔ anansesɛm mu, a wɔde sii hɔ wɔ 1852 mu, ahyehyɛ ɔfasu a ɛwɔ ɔfasu no anim no[13].

Wɔfii ase sii East Wing (Ɔhene Nwomakorabea) no wɔ afe 1823-1828, na ɛno akyi no, wɔsii North Wing no wɔ afe 1833-1838, a mfiase no, na ɔdan a wɔkenkan ade wom, a seesei ɛyɛ Wellcome Gallery no wɔ hɔ. Adwuma nso rekɔ so wɔ atɔe fam ntaban no atifi fam (The Egyptian Sculpture Gallery) 1826 - 1831, na Montagu fie no bubuu mu wɔ 1842 ma wɔde sii atɔe fam ntaban no fa a etwa to, a wɔwiee wɔ 1846 mu, ne anafo fam ntaban no ne ne mpoma no, a wɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ 1843 mu na wɔwiee wɔ 1847 mu, bere a wobuee anim dan no ne ntrapoe kɛse no mu maa ɔmanfo no[14]. Portland abo na wɔde asi adan no anim, nanso wɔde Haytor granite a efi Dartmoor wɔ South Devon, a wɔde fa Haytor Granite Tramway soronko no so na ɛsii afasuo no ne adan no afa foforo[15].

Asoɛeɛ ahodoɔ

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Asoɛeɛ a ɛwɔ Egypt ne Sudan

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British Museum no na ɛkura Egypt tete nneɛma a ɛboro 100,000 a ɛwɔ Egypt tete nneɛma akorae a ɛwɔ Kairo no akyi. Nhyiam a ɛho hia kɛseɛ wɔ ne kyɛfa ne ne su nti, ɛka nneɛma a ɛwɔ mmere nyinaa mu a efi beae biara a ɛho hia wɔ Egypt ne Sudan. Wɔn nyinaa, wɔda suban biara adi wɔ Nile Valley amammerɛ mu (a Nubia ka ho), firi Predynastic Neolithic berɛ (b. 10,000 BC) faa Coptic (Christian) mmere (afeha a ɛtɔ so 12 AD), de besi nnɛ, bere tenten bɛboro mfe 11,000[16].

Tete nneɛma a ɛwɔ Egypt no abɛyɛ British Museum no fa fi bere a wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ 1753 mu, bere a onyaa Egypt nneɛma 160[1] firii Sir Hans Sloane hɔ no. Bere a France asraafo a na wɔwɔ Napoleon ase no dii nkoguo wɔ Asubɔnten Nil ɔko mu wɔ afe 1801 mu no, Britain asraafo faa Egypt tete nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano no, na wɔde kɔmaa British Museum wɔ afe 1803 mu. Saa nnwuma yi, a Rosetta Aboɔ a agye din no ka ho, ne nnwinne akɛseɛ kuw a edi kan a tete akoraeɛ no nyaa. Ɛno akyi no, United Kingdom paw Henry Salt sɛ Egypt consul a ɔboaboaa tete nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano pii ano, a emu bi na Italiani nhomanimfo Giovanni Belzoni de anifere kɛse boaboaa ano de kɔe. Tete nneɛma a Salt boaboaa ano no mu dodow no ara no, British Museum ne Musée du Louvre na ɛtɔɔ.

Ɛduruu afe 1866 mu no, na nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano no bɛyɛ 10,000. Tete nneɛma a wɔtutuu fam no fii ase baa tete akorae no mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 no awiei mu esiane adwuma a Egypt Exploration Fund yɛe wɔ E.A. Wallis Budge. Mfe pii mu no, nneɛma bɛboro 11,000 na efi saa beae yi bae, a ebi ne nneɛma a efi Amarna, Bubastis ne Deir el-Bahari. Nnwumakuo ne nnipa afoforo nso tutuu fam de nneɛma kɔmaa British Museum, a Flinders Petrie's Egypt Research Account ne British School of Archaeology wɔ Egypt, ne University of Oxford Expedition to Kawa ne Faras wɔ Sudan ka ho.

Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

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  1. 1 2 Cees B. M. Van Riel (2019-06-26), "Why Do People Love Museums So Much? Empirical Evidence about the Stellar Reputations of Art Museums and What Companies Can Learn From It", Research in Global Strategic Management, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 185–209, ISBN 978-1-78754-314-0, retrieved 2025-06-20
  2. ↑ Charles Lang Freer (1912), Catalogue of loan collection of works by James McNeill Whistler. (Room V). : July to October, 1912, [London: H.M. Stationery Off, retrieved 2025-06-20
  3. ↑ "Saunders, Raymond, (born 24 July 1933), Secretary, British Museum (Natural History), 1976–87", Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2025-06-20
  4. ↑ Polchinski, Joseph on 2009 March 18., 2024-12-18, doi:10.1063/nbla.onfl.llfx, retrieved 2025-06-20
  5. ↑ "Introduction: The Original Sloane Ranger", Collecting the World, Harvard University Press, pp. xix–xxxii, 2017-12-31, ISBN 978-0-674-98278-9, retrieved 2025-06-20
  6. ↑ B. Luderitz (2009-01-22), "WPW syndrome: the 'Rosetta stone' of rhythmology. The history of the Rosetta stone", Europace, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 285–288, doi:10.1093/europace/eun353, ISSN 1099-5129, retrieved 2025-06-20
  7. ↑ "Elkington, Frederick Pellatt, (29 April 1874–18 June 1940)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2025-06-20
  8. ↑ "Healey, Lady, (Edna May Healey) (14 June 1918–21 July 2010)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2025-06-20
  9. ↑ Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – The Sloane Letters Project, retrieved 2025-06-20
  10. ↑ Sir Hans Sloane’s Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project, retrieved 2025-06-20
  11. ↑ "Freeman, Paul, (26 May 1916–31 July 2010), Keeper of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), 1968–81", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2025-06-20
  12. ↑ G. R. de Beer (1953), "Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum", The British Museum Quarterly, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 2, doi:10.2307/4422405, ISSN 0007-151X, retrieved 2025-06-20
  13. ↑ Richard Westmacott’s Pediment Sculptures for the British Museum (in English), retrieved 2025-06-20
  14. ↑ Marjorie Caygill (2014-01-27), The British Museum A-Z Companion, doi:10.4324/9781315063461, retrieved 2025-06-20
  15. ↑ Secretary's Department - London Letters - From London (Indexed) - July - December 1924, 2021-03-08, retrieved 2025-06-20
  16. ↑ "Ogilvie-Grant, William Robert, (25 March 1863–26 July 1924), Assistant Keeper of the Zoological Department, Natural History Museum, SW, 1913–18", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2025-06-20
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