Botswana’s Migrant Repatriation During Border Closures
Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Kasa mu
COVID-19 yareɛ no ne ne nsɛso a ɛka ho a wɔato mu no de ɔhaw pii baa nnipa a wotu kɔ mmeaeɛ afoforo wɔ Afrika Anafo fam no so. Botswana, te sɛ aman pii no, wɔhyiaa adwuma a ɛyɛ den a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛma ɔmanfo akwahosan ho nsɛm ne nnipa ahofadi ho asɛyɛde ahorow, titiriw ɛfa atubrafo a wɔn ho akyere wɔn, wɔn a wɔhwehwɛ guankɔbea, ne ananafo a wonni nkrataa a ɛfata ho. Ɛmfa ho sɛ na wɔato n'apɔw mu no, Botswana aban no ne amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde te sɛ International Organization for Migration (IOM) yɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛsan de nnipa no aba wɔn man mu, na wɔn a wɔatu wɔn ho asi hɔ no titiriw ne atubrafo.[1][2]
Nsɛm a ɛfa hyeɛ a wɔtoo mu wɔ Botswana no ho
[sesa]Berɛ a Botswana nyaa COVID-19 yarefoɔ a wɔdi kan wɔ Ɔbɛnem bosome wɔ afe 2020 mu no, aban no de lockdown a emu yɛ den ne hyeɛ a wɔato mu koraa yɛɛ ho adwuma, na wɔbaraa ɔmanfoɔ ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ ɔmanfoɔ nyinaa akwantuo. Na saa akwan yi de asi yare no ho kwan, nanso ɛmaa atubrafo bebree, titire Zimbabwefoɔ, Zambiafoɔ, ne Namibiafoɔ, tenaa Botswana mu a na wonni baabi a wɔbɛnya wɔn ho atena, ayaresa, anaa mmara kwan so gyinabea.[3][4]
Ne titire no, nnipa mpempem pii a wanntwerɛ wɔn din wɔ nkrataa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔaba Zimbabwe a wɔn mu binom yɛ adwuma wɔ amansan mu no, wɔantumi ansan ankɔ wɔn man mu esiane sɛ na wɔato wɔn hyeɛ mu na akwantuo ho ayɛ den nti.[3]
Aban ne IOM na Ɛbɔ Mmɔden sɛ Wɔbɛsan Akɔ Wɔn Asase So
[sesa]Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔabrɛ mmoa a wɔde reboa nnipa no ase no, Botswana yɛɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛsan atu atubrafo no aba wɔn man mu, na mpɛn pii no, IOM na ɛboa wɔn, na Zimbabwe ne Zambia aban nso boa wɔn. Wɔde nnipa yi baa ɔman no mu wɔ ɔmanfo apɔwmuden nhyehyɛe a COVID-19 asɔduro, atoyerɛnkyɛm ho nhyehyɛe, ne akwantuo ho nhyehyɛeɛ ka ho.
Wɔ afe 2020 mfinimfini no, na Botswana aban asan de Zimbabwefoɔ bɛboro 2,000 aba wɔn man mu, a na wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara wɔ nneduaban mu esiane wɔn a wɔadi amammerɛ ho nsɛm nti. Aban no hyehyɛɛ nneduaban ahorow wɔ mmeae bi te sɛ Francistown sɛ wɔn a wɔretwɛn sɛ wɔbɛsan aba no atena hɔ.[5][6]
Sɛ́ anka wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔayi wɔn afi wɔn man mu no, na ebinom a wɔsan de wɔn kɔ wɔn man mu no fi wɔn pɛ mu, titiriw wɔn a wɔn adwuma fii wɔn nsa esiane sɛ na ɔmanfo ato wɔn mu ato wɔn ho so nti anaa wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔsan bɛka wɔn abusuafoɔ ho.
Mmara ne abrabɔ ho nsɛm
[sesa]Botswana akwan a wɔfa so de nkurɔfo kɔ wɔn man mu no ma nnipa a wɔhwɛ nnipa fahodie so kasa tiaa no, efiri sɛ wɔkae sɛ ɛbɔ aman nyinaa gyinapɛn ahodoɔ so, titire dea ɛfa wɔn a wɔhwehwɛ atutenafoɔ ne wɔn a wɔakyere wɔn a wɔagyae wɔn man no ho. Amanneɛbɔ ahorow a ɛbaa sɛ wɔn a wɔhwehwɛ ahobammɔ no wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔn nsa ka mmaranimfo afotu na wɔhyɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnsan nkɔ wɔn man mu wɔ "ɔpɛ so".[7][8]
Wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, aguanfo a wofi Dukwi atrae, a Namibiafo ne Congofo ka ho, hyiae nhyɛso sɛ wɔnsan nkɔ wɔn kurom ɛmfa ho sɛ na wonnyae wɔn ahobammɔ ho nsɛm no. Wɔ 2018 mu no, Namibiafo a wonnyae sɛ wɔyɛ atubrafo no maa ɔhaw no mu yɛɛ den kɛse, efisɛ nnipa pii wɔ hɔ a na wɔnte ase, na wɔpam wɔn fii hɔ esiane wɔn akwahosan nti.[9]
Nnipa ne nnoɔma a wɔde bɛyɛ ho akwansideɛ
[sesa]Nnansa a na wɔretoto wɔn ho ano no, na wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no nso ho akyere wɔn:
- Esiane sɛ na wɔn a wɔsan ba no nni baabi a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ nti, Botswana ne aman a na wɔretie wɔn no nyinaa yɛɛ basaa.
- Na ɛho hia sɛ wɔtwentwɛn wɔn nan ase wɔ hye so na wɔboa wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ amanyɔsɛm mu na ama wɔatumi ama atubrafo no afa asase so hye so akɔ baabi foforo a ahobammɔ wɔ.
- Ɛho hia sɛ wɔde ahobammɔ akode (PPE), ahotew, ne ayaresa mu nhwehwɛmu di dwuma yie de hwɛ COVID-19 ho asiane a ɛwɔ akwantuo a wɔsan de wɔn ba no mu.[1][2]
Saa adwuma yi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ aman a wɔwo wɔn mu no nyinaa bɛyɛ wɔn ho wɔn ho adwuma wɔ aman foforo mu.
Asuadeɛ ne afotuo ahodoɔ
[sesa]Osuahunu a Botswana anya wɔ ahyɛaso a wɔtotoo mu no wɔ COVID-19 berɛ mu no si hia a ɛhia sɛ:
- Mmara mu ahobammɔ a emu da hɔ ma wɔn a wɔhwehwɛ guankɔbea ne wɔn a wonni nkrataa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔakɔ ɔman foforo so wɔ ahohia bere mu.
- Nnipa a wɔhwɛ wɔn hye so yiye a wɔhwɛ ma ɔmanfo akwahosan ne atubrafo hokwan ahorow yɛ pɛ.
- Regional migration coordination within SADC to address future mobility shocks collectively. Ɔman mu akwantuo nhyehyɛe wɔ SADC mu de asiesie akwantu a ɛbɛba daakye no.
Nnwumakuo te sɛ IOM, UNHCR, ne ɔmanfoɔ a wɔwɔ hɔ no dii dwuma titiriw wɔ nnipa a wɔhwɛ wɔn so ne wɔn a wɔhwɛ wɔn ahiadeɛ so no ho.
Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
[sesa]- 1 2 "Foreword", IOM World Migration Report, United Nations, pp. 19–19, 2008-06-27, ISBN 978-92-1-362988-8, retrieved 2025-06-13
- 1 2 International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-13
- 1 2 "A post-pandemic rebound? Migration and mobility globally after COVID-19", IOM World Migration Report, United Nations, pp. 243–264, 2024-05-07, ISBN 978-92-9268-598-0, retrieved 2025-06-13
- ↑ International Organization for Migration (in English), retrieved 2025-06-13
- ↑ Nina Hadorn (2023), "III. Fallstudie: UNHCR und IOM", Regimekonflikt im Völkerrecht anhand des Beispiels UNHCR – IOM, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, pp. 122–243, ISBN 978-3-7489-3889-7, retrieved 2025-06-13
- ↑ UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency (in English), retrieved 2025-06-13
- ↑ Fiona McGaughey (2022-09-06), "Human Rights Watch (HRW)", Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 483–487, ISBN 978-1-78990-362-1, retrieved 2025-06-13
- ↑ Human Rights Watch | Defending Human Rights Worldwide (in English), retrieved 2025-06-13
- ↑ "The right to survive: Disability and access to basic humanitarian assistance", The Legal Protection of Refugees with Disabilities, pp. 185–210, doi:10.4337/9781786435446.00018, retrieved 2025-06-13