Jump to content

Atlantic Slave Trade

Ɛfi Wikipedia

Atlantic Nkoa Ntoasoɔ anaa Transatlantic Nkoa Ntoasoɔ no yɛ nea nkoafoɔ a wɔyɛɛ nkoa firii Abiberem kɔɔ Amerika so faa so. Aborɔfo nkoa nkɔmfa ano nnam bɔɔ akwan a ɛyɛ triangular trade route no ne ne Middle Passage no so daa. Aborɔfo no sii abɔnten nkoa adwuma no wɔ 15th afe mu, na nkoa adwuma kɔɔ Amerika so fii 16th afe mu, na ɛtoaa so wɔ 19th afe mu.[1]

Ebinom a wɔde wɔn kɔɔ transatlantic nkoa ntoasoɔ mu no firii Central Afrika ne West Afrika, na wɔde wɔn tɔn kɔmaa Aborɔfo nkoa nkɔmfafoɔ. Ebinom nso yɛɛ nkoa mpɔtɔ soɔ wɔ abɔnten nsase so. Aborɔfo no boaboaa wɔn ano na wɔkyekyɛɛ wɔn wɔ abankɛse so wɔ Afrika mpoano no, na wɔde wɔn kɔɔ Amerika.[2]

Ebinom a na wɔyɛ Portuguese ne aborɔfo bi ka ho kɔyɛɛ nkoa mpɔtɔ soɔ. Sɛnea National Museums Liverpool kyerɛ no: “Aborɔfo nkɔmfafoɔ no kyeree Afrikani bi wɔ abɔnten mpɔtɔ so, nanso wɔn bebree no tɔɔ wɔn firii Afrikani adwumayɛfoɔ anaa Afrikani-Aborɔfo adwumayɛfoɔ ho.”[3]

Aborɔfo nkɔmfafoɔ no amfa wɔn ho anhyɛ mpɔtɔ soɔ no mu paa. Eyi yɛ efisɛ bere a nkoa ntoasoɔ no reyɛ no, Sub-Saharan Afrika mu yɛɛ ɛyɛ den ama Aborɔfo nkwa akɔ akyirikyiri (ɛnyɛ mfeɛ baako mpo) esiane malaria a ɛyɛɛ yareɛ wɔ Afrika man no mu nti. Portuguese abɔnten mpɔtɔ soɔ no huu sɛ ɛyɛ den na ɛnyɛ mfasoɔ nti, wɔpenee so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ adwumayɛ nkabom ne Afrikani adwumayɛfoɔ no[4]

Akyi Asem

[sesa]

Atlantic nkoatɔn no nyaa nkɔso bere a wɔde aguadi mu nkitahodi sii hɔ wɔ "Wiase Dedaw" (Afro-Eurasia) ne "Wiase Foforo" (Amerika).[5].Mfehaha pii ni no, na po so akwantu ama po so akwantu ayɛ den titiriw na asiane wom ama po so ahyɛn a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no. Enti, na po so nkitahodi kakra bi pɛ, sɛ ebi wɔ hɔ a, na nnipa a wɔte nsasepɔn yi so no. [6] Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 15 mu no, Europa nkɔso foforo a ɛbaa po so ahyɛn mfiridwuma mu, te sɛ po so ahyɛn a wɔyɛe no maa po so ahyɛn nyaa nneɛma pa a wɔde bedi nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam no ho dwuma, na ebetumi afi ase afa Atlantic po no mu.[7] Portugalfo hyehyɛɛ Navigator Sukuu, ɛwom sɛ akyinnyegye pii wɔ hɔ sɛ ebia ɛwɔ hɔ na sɛ ɛte saa a, nea ɛte saa ara. Wɔ afi apem baako ne oha edusia mu ne afi apem baako ne oha awokye mu bantam hɔ no, hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo bɛyɛ 300,000 a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ nkoatɔn mu kɔsraa Afrika.[8] Wɔ saayɛ mu no, wɔne fekuw ahorow a wɔte Afrika atɔe fam mpoano ne Amerika a na wonhyiaa bi da no dii nkitaho.[9]Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Pierre Chaunu frɛɛ nea efi Europa akwantu mu ba no sɛ "nsonsonoe", na ɛhyɛɛ tew a wɔtew wɔn ho fi afoforo ho no awiei agyirae ma aman bi ne fekuw ntam nkitahodi a ɛkɔ soro ma afoforo dodow no ara.[10][11]

Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo John Thornton kae sɛ, "Mfiridwuma ne asase ho nneɛma dodow bi a wɔaka abom na ama Europafo ayɛ nnipa a ɛda adi kɛse sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ Atlantic po no mu na wɔanya nkɔso wɔ n'aguadi mu".[12]Ɔkyerɛe sɛ eyinom ne mmɔden a wɔrebɔ sɛ wobenya aguadi hokwan foforo a mfaso wɔ so wɔ Europa akyi. Bio nso, na ɔpɛ wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ aguadi nhyehyɛe foforo a ɛne nea Nkramofo Ottoman Ahemman a ɛwɔ Mfinimfini Apuei a wobuu no sɛ ɛyɛ aguadi, amammui ne nyamesom mu asiane ma Europa Kristoman no di so. Titiriw no, na Europa aguadifo pɛ sɛ wodi gua de hwehwɛ sika kɔkɔɔ, a wobetumi ahu wɔ Afrika atɔe fam, na wɔhwehwɛ po so kwan a ɛkɔ "india fo", baabi a wobetumi atɔn nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ te sɛ nnuhuam a enhia sɛ wonya saa nneɛm[13]

Wɔ Europa atubrafo asorɔkye a edi kan no mu no, ɛwom sɛ na Iberia po so asraafo a wɔhwehwɛɛ Atlantic po so asraafo mu mfiase no pii dii anim de, nanso Europa aman pii mufo de wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu, a hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo a wofi Spain, Portugal, France, England, Italia aman, ne Netherlands ka ho. Saa ahorow yi maa Thornton kaa "Atlanticfo a wɔhwehwɛɛ" mu mfiase no ho asɛm sɛ "amanaman ntam apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ampa, sɛ mpo wɔyɛɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wohuu no pii wɔ Iberia ahemfo no mmoa ase a". Akyiri yi saa akannifo no na ɛde anansesɛm a ɛne sɛ "Iberiafo nkutoo na wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no akannifo" bae.[34]Wɔ Europa atubrafo asorɔkye a edi kan no mu no, ɛwom sɛ na Iberia po so asraafo a wɔhwehwɛɛ Atlantic po so asraafo mu mfiase no pii dii anim de, nanso Europa aman pii mufo de wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu, a hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo a wofi Spain, Portugal, France, England, Italia aman, ne Netherlands ka ho. Saa ahorow yi maa Thornton kaa "Atlanticfo a wɔhwehwɛɛ" mu mfiase no ho asɛm sɛ "amanaman ntam apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ampa, sɛ mpo wɔyɛɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wohuu no pii wɔ Iberia ahemfo no mmoa ase a". Akyiri yi saa akannifo no na ɛde anansesɛm a ɛne sɛ "Iberiafo nkutoo na wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no akannifo" bae.E[14]

Europa amannɔne ntrɛwmu maa nkitahodi baa Dedaw ne New Worlds a wɔyɛɛ Columbia nsakrae no ntam, a wɔde Italiani ɔkwantufo Christopher Columbus din too so.[35] Ɛhyɛɛ wiase nyinaa dwetɛ aguadi ase fi afeha a ɛto so 16 kosi 18 mu na ɛde Europafo de wɔn ho hyɛɛ Chinafo porcelain aguadi mu tẽẽ. Ná ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ hemisphere biako mu ho. Europafo de anantwi, apɔnkɔ, ne nguan baa Wiase Foforo no mu, na efi Europafo Foforo no mu no, wonyaa tawa, ɛmo, ntoosi, ne atoko. Nneɛma ne aguade afoforo a ɛbɛyɛɛ nea ɛho hia wɔ wiase nyinaa aguadi mu ne tawa, asikre, ne Amerika nnɔbae a wɔde kotoku ayɛ, ne sika kɔkɔɔ ne dwetɛ a wɔde fii Amerika asasepɔn no so bae no nyɛ Europa nko na mmom mmeae afoforo wɔ Wiase Dedaw no mu.[15]

Europa nkoasom wɔ Portugal ne Spain

[sesa]
  1. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-10
  2. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-10
  3. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-10
  4. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-10
  5. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  6. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  7. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  8. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  9. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  10. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  11. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-19, retrieved 2025-07-20
  12. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-19, retrieved 2025-07-20
  13. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-19, retrieved 2025-07-20
  14. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20
  15. "Atlantic slave trade", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-20