Algerian Skulls Returned from the Musée de l’Homme in Paris

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu

Wɔ abakɔsɛm kwan a ɛrekyerɛ sɛ, berɛ a na Algeria wɔ nnommum mu no, wɔsan de nnipa ti kɔnkora 24 maa Algeria asraafoɔ a wɔko tia aban no wɔ Kitawonsa bosome wɔ afe 2020 mu. Na wɔde saa ti kɔnkora yi asie Musée de l'Homme a ɛwɔ Paris no bɛboro mfeɛ 170 firi berɛ a wɔde kɔe berɛ a France de atirimɔdensɛm ko faa Algeria wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no. Wɔn a wɔsan baa wɔn man mu no yɛɛ berɛ titirɛ wɔ France ne Algeria ntam abusuabɔ mu, na ɛdaa nnisoɔ nkae, akatua, ne ɔman no nidie adi.

Abakɔsɛm: Franse nkonim ne ti kɔnkora a wɔfaeɛ

France bɛto hyɛɛ Algeria so wɔ afe 1830 mu, na ɛhyɛɛ ɔmammɔfo a wɔyɛ basabasayɛfo ase mfeɛ ɔha. France asraafo no de atirimɔdensɛm paa na ɛhyɛɛ Algeriafo a na wɔsɔre tia aban no so. Bere a na France asraafo redi ako wɔ afe 1840 mfe no mu, titiriw bere a General Thomas-Robert Bugeaud di wɔn anim no, wokunkum wɔn akannifo pii, a na Sheikh Bouziane ka ho, a na ɔyɛ Zaatcha atuatew a esii afe 1849 no mu panyin.

Wɔde saa akannifo yi ti no kɔɔ France sɛ akodi agyapadeɛ, na wɔde siee hɔ na akyiri yi wɔde siee Musée de l'Homme mu. Wɔde yɛɛ anthropological ne racial science nhwehwɛmu, a na ɛyɛ Europefo nneyɛe bi a na ɛgyina hɔ ma nnipa nkae a na wɔboaboa ano wɔ nnipa a na wɔhyɛ wɔn ase no mu de kyerɛ sɛ nnipa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsono wɔn amammerɛ^[1].

Nhwehwɛmu ne kasatia

Wɔ afe 2011 mu na Algeria abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Ali Farid Belkadi huu sɛ Algeriafo nkatabo no wɔ hɔ, bere a ɔhuu sɛ ɛwɔ France tete nneɛma akorae hɔ no. Saa adiyisɛm yi maa ɔmanfo bo fuwii wɔ Algeria na wɔsrɛe sɛ wɔnsan mmra wɔn man mu ntɛm ara. Wɔkyerɛw nsɛm bi te sɛ "ɔtamfo ɔkofo" anaa "Berberfoɔ a wonnim wɔn" agu wɔn ti so, na wɔtwee wɔn fii wɔn man ne wɔn honhom mu ahoɔfɛ ho^[2].

Wɔn a na wɔrepere wɔn ama wɔasan aba no bɛyɛɛ ɔman no botae, na Algeria ɔmanfoɔ, nwomanimfoɔ, ne aban mpanyimfo boaa wɔn. Afei nso, ɛmaa akasakasa a na ɛwɔ Algeria ne France ntam bere tenteenten no san baa wɔn ntam bio.

France gyinasie a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛma wɔasan de ti kɔnkora aba

Wɔ Kitawonsa wɔ afe 2020 mu no, berɛ a na wiase nyinaa rebɔ nkɔmmɔ a ɛfa nnommumfa ho no, France manpanin Emmanuel Macron maa tumi sɛ wɔnsan mfa ti kɔnkora 24 no nkɔma Algeria. Saa gyinaesi yi bae wɔ mfe pii a wɔde yɛɛ nhyehyɛe no akyi, na amanyɔsɛm mu nhyɛso a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ France so no maa no hui sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔde n'ani to ne amammerɛ a atwam so. Na Macron adi kan agye France nniso a ɛwɔ Algeria no atirimɔdensɛm atom, na ɔkaa ho asɛm sɛ "atirimɔdensɛm a ɛtia nnipa"^[3]^[4].

Wɔ afahyɛ bi ase wɔ El Alia Asieeɛ a ɛwɔ Algiers wɔ Kitawonsa bosome da ɛtɔ so nnum wɔ afe 2020, - Algeria's Independence Day -, wɔde asraafo anidie nyinaa siee wɔn ti. Ná nkae no bi yɛ nnipa a wɔsɔre tia tumidie te sɛ:

Sheikh Bouziane
Si Mokhtar ben Kouider al-Titraoui
Mohamed Lamjad ben Abdelmalek (Cherif Boubaghla)
Moussa al-Derkaoui

Wɔn a wɔsan siee wɔn no yɛɛ biribi a ɛmaa wɔn ani gyei kɛseɛ, na ɛsan hyɛɛ ɔman no nkae mu den, na ɛhyɛɛ Algeria akofo a wɔko tiaa amammerɛ no afɔrebɔdeɛ ho animuonyam.

Deɛ ɛkyerɛ ne deɛ ɛgyina hɔ ma

Ti kɔnkora no a wɔsan de baeɛ no yɛɛ nnoɔma pii a ɛho hia:

Atɛntenenee a wɔde siesie: Ɛyɛɛ biribi a na ɛsɛ sɛ wogye Algerianfo a wɔde wɔn ho bɔɔ afɔre no tom bere tenteenten, na wɔsan nso yɛɛ biribi de dii nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ wɔn bere so no ho dwuma.
Agyinatuo: Saa mmara no maa Algeria ne France nyaa nkɔmmɔbɔ foforo, nanso nsɛm a emu yɛ duru da so ara wɔ hɔ, a kyɛwpa ne akatua a wɔhwehwɛ ka ho.
Decolonizing Memory: Nkrataa a wɔde brɛɛ France sɛ wɔnsan nkɔ wɔn man mu no boa ma wɔsan susuw nneɛma a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ n'ahemman mu no ho, na wɔsan susuw nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔ tete adan mu, ɔman nkaedum, ne ahyehyɛde ahorow no asɛdeɛ ho^[5]^[6].
Honhom mu Nsiesie: Wɔ Islam ne Algeria amammerɛ mu no, adasamma a wɔsie wɔn yiye no ho hia paa. Sɛ wɔsan de ne nnompe no ba a, na wɔbɛtumi ayɛ ɔsom mu amanne ne ɔman awerɛhodie^[7].

Ɔhaw ahodoɔ ne kwan a wɔbɛfa so ako atia

Ɛmfa ho sɛ na ɛyɛ ade titiriw yi no, wɔka sɛ Algeriafo nkae no pii da so ara wɔ France nnwumakuw mu. Algeria mpanimfoɛ ne nwomanimfoɔ kɔ so hyɛ sɛ:

Sɛnea wɔhyehyɛ nkae a ɛwɔ France no mu no nyinaa

Algeriafo a wɔahu wɔn a wɔaka no nyinaa a wɔde wɔn aba wɔn man mu

Nkɔso a wobenya wɔ nnommumfa mu ma nokware ne mpata
Fapem bi a efi France a ɛpa kyɛw wɔ nniso mu basabasayɛ ho

Ɛwom sɛ Macron adeyɛ no ho hia de, nanso Algeria da so ara rehwehwɛ adeyɛ a emu dɔ a wɔde bɛboa ne nhyehyɛe mu nsakrae wɔ France agyapade ho dwumadi mu.

Mmoano

Algeriafo nkatabo a wɔsan de fii Musée de l'Homme baa Algeria no yɛ ade titiriw wɔ wiase no mu. Ɛma yehu sɛ basabasayɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ aman a na wɔyɛ wɔn nkoa mu, nkae, ne ahokeka a na aman a na wɔyɛ wɔn nkoa no wɔ sɛ wobesiesie amumɔyɛsɛm a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no nyinaa hyia. Ɛwom sɛ mmara no ntumi nyi nsɛmnsɛm nyinaa mfi hɔ de, nanso ɛma nkurɔfo nya adwene sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn kurom daakye, na ɛma wɔkɔ so susuw asɛde a ɛwɔ tete nneɛma akorae ne aman no so sɛ wobedi wɔn agyapade a ɛwɔ ahemman no mu ho dwuma ho.

Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

↑ Emma Claussen (2020-07), "What Remains: Athalie 's Futures", French Studies, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 349–365, doi:10.1093/fs/knaa084, ISSN 0016-1128, retrieved 2025-07-11 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); line feed character in |title= at position 14 (help)
↑ Amal Baslimane, Khennour Salah (2018), "L'interprétation Des Titres Des Journaux Selon Les Perspectives Du Locuteur: Cas Du Gaz De Schiste Dans Les Quotidiens Algériens El Moudjahid, El Watan Et Liberté", الأثر, p. 9, doi:10.35156/1174-000-030-029, retrieved 2025-07-11
↑ "Natalya Vince - Questioning the Colonial Fracture: The Algerian War as a 'Useful Past' in Contemporary France and Algeria 305", France and the Mediterranean, Peter Lang, retrieved 2025-07-11
↑ Rania El Gamal, Dmitry Zhdannikov (2020-07-03), "Angola resists OPEC pressure to comply fully with oil cuts - sources", Reuters (in American English), retrieved 2025-07-11
↑ Mathilde Pavis, Andrea Wallace (2019), "Response to the 2018 Sarr-Savoy Report: Statement on Intellectual Property Rights and Open Access Relevant to the Digitization and Restitution of African Cultural Heritage and Associated Materials", SSRN Electronic Journal, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3378200, ISSN 1556-5068, retrieved 2025-07-11
↑ The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics (in American English), archived from the original on 2021-08-15, retrieved 2025-07-11
↑ William Greaves (2017), "Two Fighters on Film", African American Review, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 587–589, doi:10.1353/afa.2017.0103, ISSN 1945-6182, retrieved 2025-07-11

[1] Emma Claussen (2020-07), "What Remains: Athalie 's Futures", French Studies, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 349–365, doi:10.1093/fs/knaa084, ISSN 0016-1128, retrieved 2025-07-11 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); line feed character in |title= at position 14 (help)

[2] Amal Baslimane, Khennour Salah (2018), "L'interprétation Des Titres Des Journaux Selon Les Perspectives Du Locuteur: Cas Du Gaz De Schiste Dans Les Quotidiens Algériens El Moudjahid, El Watan Et Liberté", الأثر, p. 9, doi:10.35156/1174-000-030-029, retrieved 2025-07-11

[3] "Natalya Vince - Questioning the Colonial Fracture: The Algerian War as a 'Useful Past' in Contemporary France and Algeria 305", France and the Mediterranean, Peter Lang, retrieved 2025-07-11

[4] Rania El Gamal, Dmitry Zhdannikov (2020-07-03), "Angola resists OPEC pressure to comply fully with oil cuts - sources", Reuters (in American English), retrieved 2025-07-11

[5] Mathilde Pavis, Andrea Wallace (2019), "Response to the 2018 Sarr-Savoy Report: Statement on Intellectual Property Rights and Open Access Relevant to the Digitization and Restitution of African Cultural Heritage and Associated Materials", SSRN Electronic Journal, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3378200, ISSN 1556-5068, retrieved 2025-07-11

[6] The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics (in American English), archived from the original on 2021-08-15, retrieved 2025-07-11

[7] William Greaves (2017), "Two Fighters on Film", African American Review, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 587–589, doi:10.1353/afa.2017.0103, ISSN 1945-6182, retrieved 2025-07-11

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