Algeria’s Successful Campaign for Skull Repatriation from France
Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei Asante Twi mu
Algeria ɔsatuo a wɔde rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan de nnipa ti kɔnkora ne wɔn a wɔko tia aban no nnompe afi France no yɛ Afrika aman a wɔsɔre tia amammerɛ mu basabasayɛ agyapadeɛ no ho nhwɛsoɔ a ɛda adi sen biara no mu baako, na ɛma wɔhunu sɛ wɔwɔ hokwan sɛ wonya abakɔsɛm mu nidi. Wɔkoraa saa ti yi a na ɛyɛ Algeriafoɔ a wɔko tiaa nnisoɔ no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no so bɛboro mfeɛ ɔha wɔ Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle wɔ Paris, na wɔde yɛɛ nnipa ne mmusua ho nhwehwɛmu a na wonnye wɔn abakɔsɛm anaa wɔn honhom mu mfasoɔ nni[1][2].
Abakɔsɛm
[sesa]France bɛto hyɛɛ Algeria so wɔ afe 1830 mu, na mfe pii a edii hɔ no, wɔde asrafoɔ atirimɔdensɛm tuu wɔn ani sii hɔ sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ ɔmanfoɔ a wɔsɔre tia aban no so na wɔakɔ so adi ɔman no so. Wɔn a na wɔdi anim wɔ tete atuatefoɔ no mu ne Sheikh Bouzian, Mohamed Lamjad ben Abdelmalek, ne Si Mokhtar ben Kouider Al-Titraoui, a wɔdii atuateɛ no anim wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mfinimfini mu, titire wɔ mmeaeɛ te sɛ Ziban ne Aurès mmepɔ no so[3].
Mpɛn pii no, na wɔkyere saa akannifoɔ yi, kum wɔn, na wotwa wɔn ti, na na wɔde wɔn tiboa no kɔ France sɛ akodi agyapade anaa nyansahu mu nneɛma. Akyire yi, wɔhunuu Algeria akofoɔ nkatabo a ɛboro 37 wɔ Franse nkabom mu, na wɔtwerɛ din a wɔnnim na wɔtwerɛ nsɛm a ɛmfata too so, na wɔde wɔn ho too nnipa mu nyansapɛ so wɔ afeha a ɛtɔ so 19 ne 20 mfitiaseɛ[4].
Ntoa a wɔbɔ de fa wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu
[sesa]Mfe pii a atwam no, Algeria abakɔsɛm atwerɛfoɔ, nwomanimfoɔ, ne amanyɔfoɔ kae sɛ wɔnsan mfa nnompe yi mma wɔn. Nkɔsoɔ no nyaa ahoɔden wɔ afe 2010 mfe no mu, esiane sɛ na nnipa a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nimdeɛ ne nneɛma a wɔakora so wɔ tete nneɛma akorae mu no befi hɔ no redɔɔso wɔ Europa nyinaa. Berɛ a nhwehwɛmufo Ali Farid Belkadi hunuu na ɔtrɛ nnipa ti nhwi no mu wɔ France tete nneɛma akorae hɔ wɔ afe 2011 mu no, ɔmanfo no ani gyee ho kɛse.
Algeria manpanyin Abdelmadjid Tebboune de asɛm no yɛɛ ɔman no botaeɛ, na ɔde kaa nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛfa ɔman nkaeɛ ne atɛntenenee a ɛbae wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no ho. Wɔ Kitawonsa bosome wɔ afe 2020 mu no, wɔ mfe pii ntam nkɔmmɔ ne ɔmanfo nhyɛso akyi no, France san de Algeria atuatewfo 24 aboɔ kɔtoo wɔn ho, na wɔde wɔn baa asraafoɔ wimhyɛn a ɛbaa Algiers Ɔsanaa bosome da ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa, Algeria fahodie da a ɛtɔ so 58 no anim.
Mfasoɔ a ɔman no nyaeɛ wɔ so
[sesa]Wɔhyiaa wɔn a wɔsan bae no wɔ ɔman no afahyɛ bi ase wɔ Algiers El Alia Asieeɛ, baabi a wɔsiee wɔn wɔ asraafo nidi mu. Wɔkaa asɛm no wɔ ɔman no mu nyinaa, na wɔkaa ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ bere titiriw a wɔde sa abakɔsɛm mu yaw ahorow. Ɔmanpanyin Tebboune kae sɛ:
"Yei yɛ nkonimdie foforɔ wɔ yɛn man no nkae a yɛbɛsan de aba no mu, yɛn man no ahwehwɛde a ɛwɔ hɔ fi teteete".
Na ne nsane a wɔde no bae no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so ade titire, titiriw bere a Algeria ne France nyaa abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den wɔ ne faahodie akyi no. Ɛyɛɛ sɛ ɔmanfo gye atirimɔdensɛm a wɔyɛe no toom, na ɛhyɛɛ Algeriafo ahohoahoa wɔ wɔn a wɔsɔre tia amammerɛ no mu den.
Deɛ Francefoɔ yɛeɛ wɔ ho ne suban a ɛsesaeɛ
[sesa]France manpanin Emmanuel Macron afa akwan bi so de asiesie France amammerɛ mu nsɛm a atwam no, na ɔhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ amanneɛbɔ ahorow na wɔboa ma wɔsan de nneɛma a wɔsɛee no ma. Macron kaa nkotodwe no a wɔsan de bae no ho asɛm sɛ "nokware ne asomdwoe" a ɛda aman abien no ntam no fa[5].
Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, Macron nsa kaa Stora Report a abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Benjamin Stora twerɛɛ, a ɛkaa sɛ wɔmfa amamyɔsɛm a emu da hɔ yie wɔ nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ berɛ a na wɔyɛ abibifoɔ no ho, na wɔnsan mfa nneɛma no mma wɔn, na wɔnhyɛ da nka nsɛm a na wɔadi kan ayɛ no ho asɛm. Nanso, wɔn a wɔkasa tia no kyerɛ sɛ France nnya mmaa kyɛwpa biara anaa wɔnhyɛɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan de Algeriafo nnompe ne wɔn amammerɛ ho nneɛma nyinaa aba ɔman no mu.
Nnoɔma a ɛkyɛn so a ɛfa nsakraeɛ akwantuo ho
[sesa]Saa nkunimdie yi a wɔsan de bae yie no yɛɛ nhwɛsoɔ maa nnipa a wɔsan de wɔn nnompe bae wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ɛdaa abrabɔ fam ahohia a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔde nidi ma nnipa a wɔhyɛ wɔn ase no adi, na ɛsan sii so dua sɛ aman a kan na wɔhyɛ wɔn ase no wɔ asɛyɛde sɛ wobegyae tete nneɛma akorae ne nyansahufo nnwuma no. Algeria asɛm no nso maa aman bi te sɛ Namibia, Senegal, ne Democratic Republic of Congo nso kaa asɛm koro no ara.
Mmoano
[sesa]Algeria ɔsatu a wɔde rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan de nkatabo afi France no yɛ abakɔsɛm mu atɛntenenee ho adeɛ a tumi wom, na ɛyɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔakɔ so abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan agye nkae ne nidi afi wɔn a wɔsɛee wɔn wɔ nniso ase no nsam. Saa nnompe yi a wɔsan de bae no kɔ akyiri sen nnompe no ara - ɛkyerɛ akra no honhom mu a wɔsan ba wɔn man mu ne ɔman no mu nnipa nyinaa akuru a apira no. Ɛsan hyɛ Europa ahyehyɛde ahorow no so ma wohu wɔn amammerɛ mu abakɔsɛm na wɔsan de nea wɔfaa no kwa no ma wɔn.
Baabi menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
[sesa]- ↑ Algeria buries repatriated skulls of resistance fighters as it marks independence from France (in English), 2020-07-05, retrieved 2025-07-23
- ↑ Oliver Charbonneau (2020-09-15), "Conclusion", Civilizational Imperatives, Cornell University Press, pp. 199–206, ISBN 978-1-5017-5072-4, retrieved 2025-07-23
- ↑ Constant Méheut (2022-10-17), "France Returned 24 Skulls to Algeria. They Weren't What They Seemed.", The New York Times (in American English), ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2025-07-23
- ↑ Riaud X (2017), "Some Dentists in Nantes, France, Who Were Resistance Fighters", Journal of Dental Problems and Solutions, pp. 001–002, doi:10.17352/2455-8418.000036, ISSN 2394-8418, retrieved 2025-07-23
- ↑ Sylvie Thénault (2021), "Benjamin Stora, Les questions mémorielles portant sur la colonisation et la guerre d'Algérie, rapport remis au président de la République, en ligne | Benjamin Stora, France-Algérie. Les passions douloureuses", Histoire Politique, doi:10.4000/histoirepolitique.736, ISSN 1954-3670, retrieved 2025-07-23