Afrika Nkɔso Sikakorabea ne Sikasɛm mu Akatua
Abibiman Nkɔsoɔ Sikakorabea yɛ sikasɛm ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛboa nnwuma a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛma sikasɛm ne asetena mu nkɔsoɔ akɔ anim wɔ Afrika nyinaa. Wɔsan frɛ sikakorabea no Banque Africaine de Développement.[1]
Akyi Asɛm
[sesa]Wɔde Afrika Nkɔsoɔ Sikakorabea (AfDB) sii hɔ wɔ afe 1964 mu a na ɛwɔ ahyɛdeɛ sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ sikasɛm mu nkɔsoɔ a ɛbɛtena hɔ daa ho nkuran na wɔatew ohia so wɔ Abibrem ka denam nneɛma a wɔbɛboaboa ano na wɔakyekyɛ ama sika a wɔde bɛto aman a wɔka ho no mu no so.[2] N’adwumayɛbea ti wɔ Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, AfDB no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔmantam aman pii nkɔsoɔ sikasɛm asoɛeɛ, a ɛne Afrika aban ne ankorankoro nnwumakuo ahokafoɔ yɛ adwuma titire.
Bere a mfiase no wɔanhyehyɛ AfDB no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobedi abakɔsɛm mu ntɛnkyea ho dwuma no, n’adwuma a ɛrenya nkɔso no ne akyinnyegye ahorow a ɛfa sikasɛm mu akatua ho no di nkitaho kɛse, titiriw wɔ Afrika atubrafo agyapade, Atlantic po so nkoasom, ne sikasɛm nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so no mu.[3] Nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛfa akatua ho no mu ayɛ den wɔ asasepɔn no so nyinaa, na Afrika akannifo, ɔmanfo akuw, ne ɔmantam ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ Afrika Aman Nkabom a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wobu atɛntrenee a wɔde besiesie, a nea ɛka ho ne denam sikasɛm nhyehyɛe, ɛka a wɔbɛpopa, ne nkɔso mmoa so.
Ɛwom sɛ AfDB ankasa nkyerɛkyerɛɛ pefee sɛ akatua a wɔde ma no yɛ botae a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ de, ne ho a ɔde hyɛ ɛka a wɔbɔ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow mu, sika a wɔde ma wɔ nneɛma a wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma ho, ne nkɔsoɔ fekubɔ no, nwomanimfoɔ ne nhyehyɛeɛ ayɛfoɔ binom akyerɛ aseɛ sɛ ɛboa ma wɔyɛ nsiesie nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛtrɛ.[4]
Akatua Nkɔmmɔdie wɔ Afrika mu
[sesa]Wɔ nnansa yi mfe du du mu no, ɔkasa ahorow a ɛfa akatua a wɔde ma Afrika ho asan aba bio, a ɔfrɛ ahorow a wɔde frɛ sɛ wobedi sikasɛm ho dwuma, amammerɛ, ne nnipa a wɔsɛee wɔn wɔ Atlantic po so nkoatɔn, atubrafo nniso, ne wiase nyinaa sikasɛm mu pɛyɛ a enni hɔ a ɛkɔ so no mu. Afrika aban ahorow na wɔadi anim, Afrika nyinaa ahyehyɛde ahorow, nhomanimfo, ne ɔmanfo akuw.[5]
Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, Ghana Ɔmampanyin Nana Akufo-Addo kae wɔ baguam sɔ wɔmfa ntua ka, a wɔkyerɛ sɛ sika dodow biara rentumi ntua mfehaha pii a nkoayɛ ne atubrafo a wɔde wɔn di dwuma, nanso sɛ atɛntrenee a wɔde besiesie ahwehwɛde no da so ara yɛ nea ɛfata na ɛho hia.[6] Saa ara nso na African Union (AU) aboa amanaman ntam nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛfa akatua na wahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ akwan pɔtee bi a wɔbɛfa so adi sikasɛm mu agyapade a efi atubrafo ne mmusuakuw mu nyiyim ho dwuma.[7]
Wɔ sikasɛm mu akatua tẽẽ akyi no, akatua a wɔde ma wɔ Afrika tebea mu nso ayɛ wɔkyerɛɛ aseɛ sɛ ɛka a wɔbɛtwa mu, nkɔsoɔ mmoa, tumi a wɔbɛma anya nkɔsoɔ ne ahyehyɛdeɛ mu nsakraeɛ. Adwene ho akuw ahorow ne ahyehyɛde ahorow a wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ amanaman ntam sikasɛm asoɛe ahorow de abakɔsɛm mu ntɛnkyea ahorow ka wɔn sikasɛm nhyehyɛe ne sikasɛm nhyehyɛe ahorow ho.[8]
Bere a akasatiafo binom bu saa ahwehwɛde ahorow yi sɛ amammui mu sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so de no, afoforo ka sɛ akatua, a sikasɛm mu nkɔso akwan horow akatua, a sikasɛm mu nkɔso akwan horow so ka ho, ho hia na ama wɔanya pɛyɛ a ɛbɛkyɛ na wɔasiesie abakɔsɛm mu tumi a ɛnkari pɛ.[4]
AfDB's Gyinabea ne Ne Ho a Wɔde Hyehyɛ
[sesa]Ɛwom sɛ Afrika Nkɔsoɔ Sikakorabea (AfDB) nnyee ahyɛdeɛ a ɛfa akatua ho ntom deɛ, nanso n’akannifoɔ no de wɔn ho ahyɛ nsɛmti a ɛfa atɛntrenee a wɔde siesie ne sikasɛm mu nsiesie ho kɛseɛ. Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, AfDB Titenani Dr. foaa ɔfrɛ a ɛne sɛ wɔmfa sikasɛm ho akontaabu kɛse mfi kan atubra aman no hɔ no akyi wɔ baguam. Bere a Adesina rekasa wɔ Wiase Nyinaa Mmarahyɛ Bagua Nhyiam a Ɛfa Akatua Ho wɔ Accra, Ghana no, osii so dua Nyinaa Mmarahyɛ Bagua Nhyiam a Ɛfa Akatua Ho wɔ Accra, Ghana no, osii so dua sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ sika a sɛ sika a wɔde bɛsan atua ka ho, na ɛnyɛ kyɛwpa ara kwa, na ɔkae sɛ wɔnyɛ fekuw a emu yɛ den mfa nni abakɔsɛm ne nhyehyɛe mu pɛyɛ a enni hɔ a Afrika aman hyia no ho dwuma.[9]
Adesina kae sɛ ɛka a wɔbɛsan asiesie, sikasɛm a wɔbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw, ne sika a wɔde bɛto nnwuma ne nhomasua mu a ɛkɔ soro no betumi ayɛ adwuma sɛ nnɛyi akwan a wɔfa so tua sikasɛm mu ka.[10] Saa gyinabea yi ne mmɔdenbɔ a ɛtrɛw a Sikakorabea no bɔ sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ nkɔso a ɛka nnipa nyinaa ho nkuran na wɔatew sikasɛm mu nhwɛso ahorow a wɔde tutu fam a wɔde wɔn ho to so no so no hyia.
AfDB nso de ne ho ahyɛ nnwuma a ɛboa nkɔsoɔ a wɔde siesie nneɛma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛntene so, te sɛ Afrika Ɛka Dwumadie Nhyehyɛeɛ, Afrika Nnwuma Nkɔsoɔ Fotoɔ ne sika a wɔde bɛto ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforɔ ne kuayɛ mu a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛkyekyere tumidi.[11] Bere a wɔanhyehyɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow yi sɛ akatua no, nhomanimfo ne wɔn a wɔkamfo nhyehyɛe ahorow kyerɛ no bi aka ho asɛm sɛ anammɔn a wɔbɛfa so asiesie abakɔsɛm mu nneɛma a ɛnkari pɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa sikasɛm mu abusuabɔ mu.[4]
Ne nyinaa mu no, Sikakorabea no yɛ adwuma wɔ aman pii nkɔso sikasɛm nhyehyɛe no mu, a sika a wonya fi Afrikafo ne a wɔnyɛ Afrikafo kyɛfafo nyinaa hɔ, a ebia wɔn mu binom wɔ adwene soronko wɔ akatua ho. Saa nhyehyeɛ mu nkɔsoɔ yi bɛtumi ama baabi a AfDB bɛtumi aboa akatua wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so sɛ nhyehyɛeɛ botaeɛ no ayɛ den.[12]
Nnwuma a ɛda nsow ne Reparative Framing
[sesa]Bere a Afrika Nkɔso Sikakorabea (AfDB) nkyekyɛ ne sika a wɔde asie no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so sɛ akatua no, ne nnwuma atitiriw no pii ne botae ahorow a ɛtrɛw a ɛne sikasɛm mu ahosiesie, mpɔtam hɔ pɛyɛ, ne nhyehyɛe mu nsakrae hyia. Nkɔso ho abenfo binom akyerɛ saa nnwuma yi ase sɛ ɛboa ma "nkɔso a wɔde siesie" bi ba —kyerɛ sɛ, sika a wɔde asi wɔn ani so a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ wobedi bere tenten mu ɔhaw ahorow a egyina atubrafo ne atubrafo akyi sikasɛm nhyehyɛe so no ho dwuma.[13]
Nhwɛso biako ne African Development Fund (ADF), Sikakorabea no fa a wɔma nneɛma ho kwan, a ɛde bosea a mfɛntom sua ne mmoa ma asasepɔn no so aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii no. Efi bere a wɔde sii hɔ wɔ 1972 mu no, ADF de n’adwene asi nnwuma a ɛfa akwahosan, nhomasua, nsu a wobenya, ne nkuraase nnwuma ho so—nnwuma a mpɛn pii no ennyaa nkɔso esiane atubrafo anibiannaso nti .[14]
Desert to Power Initiative, nhyehyɛe titiriw foforo a AfDB ayɛ no botae ne sɛ ɛbɛma nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 250 anya ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo wɔ Sahel mantam mu. Wɔasi nhyehyɛe yi so dua sɛ anammɔn titiriw a wɔde besiesie ahoɔden mu ohia, tebea a Afrika aman pii hyia a ne fa bi fi abakɔsɛm mu atubrafo sikasɛm a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne dii kan sen ɔman no mu nneɛma a wobenya no.[15]
Bio nso, Dwumadie a ɛfa Nnwuma Nkɔsoɔ wɔ Afrika (PIDA) a AfDB, African Union, ne wɔn a wɔdi dwuma foforɔ a wɔaka abom ayɛ hwehwɛ sɛ ɛbɛsesa nnwuma a ɛfa ahyeɛ so, a akwantuo akwan, digyital nkitahodiɛ, ne ahoɔden nkitahodiɛ ka ho. Saa nnwuma ahorow yi botae ne sɛ wɔbɛdan ahye a wɔde nsa ayɛ ne sikasɛm a emu apaapae a na ɛyɛ atubrafo nniso agyapade no nkɛntɛnso.[16]
Saa mmɔdenbɔ yi, ɛwom sɛ wɔanfrɛ no sɛ ɛyɛ akatua de, nanso nhwehwɛmufo binom ayɛ no sɛ ɛma wodi botae ahorow a wɔde siesie nneɛma ho dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so denam wɔn ho a wɔde bɛto wɔn ho so, nkɔso mu nsonsonoe a wɔbɛto mu, ne nhyehyɛe mu pɛyɛ a enni hɔ wɔ Afrika sikasɛm tebea mu a wobedi ho dwuma no so.[4]
Ɔkasatia ne Akyinnyegye
[sesa]Bere a nhomanimfo ne nhyehyɛeyɛfo binom hu Afrika Nkɔso Sikakorabea (AfDB) sɛ adwinnade a ebetumi ama sikasɛm mu atɛntrenee anya nkɔso wɔ Afrika no, afoforo nso aka wɔn haw wɔ ne nhyehyɛe mu anohyeto ahorow ne ne gyinabea wɔ wiase nyinaa nkɔso sikasɛm nhyehyɛe mu no ho. Akasatiafo ka sɛ ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔka nsɛm a ɛfoa akatua anaa nsiesie so no, AfDB da so ara siw kyɛfa nhyehyɛe a aman a wɔnyɛ Afrikafo a wɔde mmoa ma a wɔn amammui ne abakɔsɛm mu gyinabea ahorow a ɛsono wɔ akatua ho no ka ho.[17]
Bio nso, nhwehwɛmufoɔ binom ka sɛ berɛ a AfDB de sika hyɛ ohia ano aduru ne nnwuma mu no, adwumayɛ taa yɛ nea amanaman ntam sikasɛm asoɛeɛ te sɛ Wiase Sikakorabea anaa IMF de di kan no adi. Eyi ama wɔakasa atia sɛ ebia Sikakorabea no bɛma neoliberal nkɔso ho nhwɛso ahorow a ɛpɛ sikasɛm mu ahoɔden kɛse a ɛyɛ den sen nhyehyɛe mu nsakrae anaa abakɔsɛm mu nsiesie akɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnhyɛ da so.[13]
Akyinnyegye nso wɔ hɔ sɛ ebia Sikakorabea no nnwuma a ɛfa nkɔso ho no du mpɔtam a wɔato wɔn hintidua a abakɔsɛm mu ntɛnkyea aka wɔn kɛse no nkyɛn ampa anaa. Akasatiafo si hia a ehia sɛ wɔyɛ nnwuma pii a nnipa a wɔwɔ fam di anim ne nhyehyɛe a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu de ahwɛ ahu sɛ mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wobesiesie nneɛma no bɛka obiara ho na ɛfa mpɔtam hɔfo ho no so dua.[18]
Ne nyinaa mu no, wɔn a wɔkamfo kyerɛ no ka sɛ aman pii nkɔso sikakorabea ahorow te sɛ AfDB da so ara yɛ nhyiam a ɛho hia a wɔde di Afrikafo anigyede ho nkitaho wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔsan nso si Sikakorabea no mmuae a ɛrekɔ soro wɔ ɔfrɛ a ɛfa sikasɛm a egyina pɛyɛ so,nkɔso a ɛtra hɔ daa, ne tumidi a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ ho so dua.[19]
Hwɛ nso
[sesa]Nsɛm a wɔde gyina hɔ ma
[sesa]- ↑ "African Development Bank (ADB): Meaning, Achievements, Goals". Investopedia (in English). Retrieved 2025-06-26.
- ↑ "About Us". African Development Bank. Archived from the original on 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ Rodney, Walter (1972). "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa". Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications.
- 1 2 3 4 Zondi, Siphamandla (2020). "Reparations and Africa's Development Agenda: Historical Justice and Economic Equity". Review of African Political Economy. 47 (163): 278–290.
- ↑ "African leaders demand slavery reparations at UN summit". The Guardian. 21 September 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ Chothia, Farouk (3 August 2023). "Africa: Ghana's president demands slavery reparations". BBC News. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ "Assembly of the African Union, Thirteenth Ordinary Session: Decision on the AU Diaspora Initiative". African Union. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ Ramose, Mogobe B. (2014). "Justice and restitution in African political thought". Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 27 (1): 85–103.
- ↑ "AfDB President Akinwumi Adesina backs Africa reparation push". Reuters. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ "AfDB President calls for economic reparations". African Development Bank. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ "AfDB Strategy 2023-2032". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ Nkrumah, Kofi (2022). "Multilateralism and African Sovereignty: The Limits of Reparative Development". Third World Quarterly. 43 (6): 1150–1167.
- 1 2 Bond, Patrick (2014). "Development Finance as Reparations? Africa and the Multilateral Development Banks". Third World Quarterly. 35 (3): 469–485.
- ↑ "African Development Fund". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ "AfDB's Desert to Power project aims to electrify Sahel". Devex. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ "Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA)". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
- ↑ Nkrumah, Kofi (2022). "Multilateralism and African Sovereignty: The Limits of Reparative Development". Third World Quarterly. 43 (6): 1150–1167.
- ↑ Okafor, Obiora Chinedu (2014). "Reparations for Africa: Rhetoric or Reality?". Human Rights Review. 15 (4): 389–408.
- ↑ "AfDB Strategy 2023–2032". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.