African apologies for the Atlantic slave trade
Atlantic slave trade ɛfa ɔhyɛɛ a wɔhyɛɛ Abibifoɔ ahodoɔ maa wɔtuu kɔtenaa Ewiase foforɔ no, mpɛn pii no, na ɛfa Abibirem ha akannifo ne nkuro a na wɔwɔ so no. Europafoɔ no ne Abibirem ha mpayinfoɔ no bi ne nkoa dwadifoɔ kyekyere Abibifoɔ no dodoɔ no ara de wɔn tu bata kɔ Amerika nkoa mfuo, de wɔn yɛ adwuma. Abibirem nkuro ahodoɔ no ara nyaa mfasoɔ firi saa nnwadie yi, wɔ sikasem mu ne amanoɔsem mu, ɛfiri sɛ na ɛfa nnipa a wɔde wɔn sesa nnoɔma firi Europafoɔ no hɔ te sɛ atuo, ntoma, ne nsaden. Wɔ nnansa yi mfeɛ mu no, Abibirem aman no bi ne nnipakuo ahodoɔ no bi de kyɛwpa a ɛdi mu awerɛhoɔ kwanso de akasa atia dwadie a wɔn nananom de wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu no[1].
Akyɛwpa ho nsɛm
[sesa]Benin
[sesa]Wɔ afe 2000 mu no, Beninese Ɔmampannin Mathieu Kérékou paa kyɛw wɔ badwam wɔ Benin abakɔsɛm mu a ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ Atlantic nkoa aguadi mu bere a na wɔfrɛ ɔman no asasesin sɛ Dahomey Ahemman no[2]. Beninese aban mpanimfo tuu kwan kɔɔ Virginia ne Washington, DC wɔ United States de bɔɔ ne kyɛwpa no ho dawuru[3]. Beninese ɔmanyɛfoɔ Luc Gnacadja kae sɛ "yɛsu ma bɔne fafiri ne mpata "de kaa ho sɛ Akoa adwuma no yɛ aniwu, na yenu yɛn ho wɔ ho"[3].
Cameroon
[sesa]Wɔ afe 2013 mu no, William Holland, a ɔyɛ Afrikani-Amerikani aguadifo ne ankorankoro a wɔde wɔn ayɛ nkoa a wofi Virginia aseni no de abusua anato ho nhwehwɛmu dii dwuma de hwehwɛɛ ne nananom fii Oku abusua a ɛwɔ Cameroon no mu. Akyiri yi Holland tuu kwan kɔɔ Bakou kurow a ɛwɔ Cameroon no mu, faako a ɛhɔnom abusuakuw no panyin, Ngako Ngalatchui, de kyɛwpa a ɛfata mae maa Oku abusua no abakɔsɛm mu tɔn a wɔtɔn nnommum wɔ nkoatɔn mu no[4].
Ghana
[sesa]Wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Ghana de Project Joseph, nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛma nsrahwɛ ne sika a wɔde bɛto Ghana afiri Atlantic nkoa aguadi asefoɔ hɔ no aba. Na nhyehyɛe no atirimpɔw ne sɛ ɛbɛyɛ kyɛwpa ama Ghana abakɔsɛm mu dwuma a odii wɔ nkoatɔn mu, na wɔde Bible mu nipa Joseph a n’abusua tɔn no kɔɔ nkoasom mu no din too so[5].
Wɔ London, England nsrahwɛ bi mu wɔ afe 2007 mu no, Ghana ɔmampanyin John Kufuor pow adwene a ɛne sɛ Europa aman no de asɛyɛde nyinaa ma nkoatɔn no, na wɔkae sɛ "mfinimfini aborɔfo akuw bi nso di fɔ". Ɔkae sɛ "ɔkwan biara a wobɛfa so ahwɛ no, nkoasom ne nkoasom yɛ bɔne ne adwuma a ɛyɛ animguase sɛ wosusuw ho mpo wɔ atirimɔdensɛm afoforo a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no ho a"[1].
Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Nana Obokese Ampah I, Asebu atetesɛm mu hene no, de kyɛwpa mae wɔ baguam, na ɔkae sɛ,"bere aso sɛ yedi nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔka kyerɛ Afrikafoɔ a wɔatu akɔtena mmeaeɛ foforɔ no ho dwuma. Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde yɛn ho hyɛ nkɔmmɔbɔ a nteaseɛ wom mu de gye yɛn nneyɛeɛ ne yɛn nneyɛeɛ a wɔnyɛ no tom na yɛpata yɛn ho sɛ yɛn ahenni sodifo wɔ Atlantic adwadie mu, a ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ wɔbɛyɛ saa[6].
Nigeria
[sesa]Nigeria Wɔ afe 2009 mu no, Nigeria Ɔmanfoɔ Hokwan Nhyiamu a Nigeria amanyɔfoɔ Shehu Sani di wɔn anim no, frɛɛ atitire a wɔwɔ Nigeria sɛ wɔnpa kyɛw wɔ wɔn nananom ho a wɔde hyɛɛ nkoatɔn mu no ho[7]. ARO Bagua a ɛhwɛ mpanyimfo so no ampene so sɛ wɔbɛpa kyɛw, na wɔkae sɛ "wɔnpa kyɛw wɔ nea esii wɔ bere a atwam no ho"[6].
Wɔ afe 2018 mu no, Abdulrasheed Adewale Akanbi, atetesɛm mu ɔhene a okura Oluwo abodin IWO no, de kyɛwpa mae wɔ dwuma a ahemfo mmusua a wɔyɛ atetesɛm a ɛwɔ Nigeria dii wɔ Atlantic nkoa aguadi mu no ho[8].
Seriki Abass, nkoatɔnfoɔ a wagye din a ɔwɔ Nigeria kuro Badagry mu no asefoɔ de kyɛwpa maa nkoa a ɔtɔn no abakɔsɛm mu no[9].
Uganda
[sesa]Wɔ 1998 mu no, Uganda Ɔmampanyin Yoweri Museveni kae wɔ nsɛm a wɔbisabisaa no mu sɛ ɔrenhwehwɛ kyɛwpa mfi U.S. ɔmampanyin Bill Clinton hɔ wɔ Clinton nsrahwɛ a ɔyɛe wɔ Afrika no mu. Museveni kaa sɛ, Afrikafoɔ atitire na wɔko tiaa wɔn ho wɔn ho na wɔkyeree wɔn ankasa nkurɔfoɔ na wɔtɔn wɔn. Sɛ obi pa kyɛw a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ Afrikafoɔ atitire. Yɛda so ara wɔ saa atorofoɔ no wɔ ha nnɛ mpo[3].
Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, Musevini de kyɛwpa a ɛfata maa Atlantic adwadie no[10].
Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa
[sesa]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Holsey (2011), "Owning Up to the Past?", Transition, no. 105, p. 74, doi:10.2979/transition.105.74, retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ Holsey, Bayo (2011). "Owning Up to the Past?". Transition (105): 74–87. doi:10.2979/transition.105.74. JSTOR 10.2979/transition.105.74
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Clinton J. Dawes, Michael Meads (2009-01-01), "A Land-Based Thalassia testudinum Nursery Near Tampa Bay, Florida", Gulf of Mexico Science, vol. 27, no. 2, doi:10.18785/goms.2702.01, ISSN 1087-688X, retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ "REFLECTIONS ON SLAVES, THE SLAVE TRADE, AND ARABIAN POLITICS", Quest For Sheba, Routledge, pp. 250–261, 2013-01-11, ISBN 978-0-203-03993-9, retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ Theodore R. Johnson (2014-08-06), How to Apologize for Slavery (in English), retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 BLACK ENTERPRISE Editors (2022-09-25), Ghana and Other African Nations Who Enslaved and Sold Blacks to Europeans to Formally Apologize (in American English), retrieved 2025-06-20
{{citation}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ David Richardson (2003-10-16), "Slave Trade", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ Wasiq Khan (2018-10-25), "The Atlantic Slave Trade and its Lasting Impact", The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics, Oxford University Press, pp. 59–75, ISBN 978-0-19-880430-7, retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ University of Glasgow - Schools - School of Humanities | Sgoil nan Daonnachdan - Research in the School of Humanities - History Research - History Summer Reading Suggestions - Whyte - Slave trade, retrieved 2025-06-20
- ↑ Jeremy Black (2023-12-13), "The Slave Trade Expands Greatly", The Atlantic Slave Trade in World History, New York: Routledge, pp. 44–74, ISBN 978-1-003-45792-3, retrieved 2025-06-20