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African Americans

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African Americans yɛ Amerikafo a wɔyɛ abibifo (a wɔsan frɛ wɔn Amerikafo Abibifo ne Afro-Amerikafo ) yɛ mmusuakuo bi a Amerikafo a wɔnkyi firi Abibirem mmusuakuo ahodoɔ no mu biara mu na wɔn nananom fa bi anaasɛ wɔn nyinaa firi Abibiman no bi so.[1][2]

Asɛmfua "African American" taa kyerɛ Afrikafoɔ a wɔde wɔn ayɛ nkoa a wɔn ase bi fi United States.[3] Bere a ebia Abibifo atubrafo binom anaa wɔn mma nso bɛba abɛda wɔn ho adi sɛ wɔyɛ Afrikafo-Amerikafoɔ no, awoɔ ntoatoaso a edi kan atubrafo dodow no ara nyɛ saa, na wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ ɔman a wɔfiri mu no mu.

Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ abibifo na wɔyɛ mmusuakuo a ɛtɔ so mmiensa a ɛso wɔ U.S. sɛ woyi Amerikafo Aborɔfo ne Hispanic ne Latino Amerikafoɔ no firi hɔ a. Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ abibifo dodow no ara yɛ nnipa a wɔde wɔn ayɛ nkoa wɔ mprempren United States hyeɛ so no asefoɔ.[4] Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, Amerikafo a wɔyɛ abibifo yɛ Afrika Atɔe / Mfinimfinifoɔ a wɔfi Europefoɔ abusua mu bi; ebinom nso ne afoforo nananom wɔ Amerikafoɔ Ankasa .

Afrika Amerikafo abakɔsɛm fii ase wɔ afeha a ɛto so du nsia (16) mu, berɛ a wɔtɔn Afrikafo a wɔfi Afrika Atɔe fam maa Europefoɔ nkoatɔnfo na wɔde wɔn faa Atlantic po no so kɔɔ Atubraman Dumiɛnsa no mu . Bere a wɔduu Amerika no, wɔtɔn wɔn sɛ nkoa maa Europe atubrafoɔ na wɔde wɔn yɛɛ adwuma wɔ mfuo mu, titiriw ne wɔn a wɔkɔsueɛ anaafoɔ fam atubra aman no mu . Kakraa bi tumi nyaa ahofadie denam manumission anaa guankɔbea so na wɔhyehyɛɛ mpɔtam a wɔde wɔn ho ansa na Amerika Ɔman Anidan no reba ne bere a na ɛreba no . Bere a wɔde United States sii hɔ wɔ afe 1783 mu akyi no, Abibifo dodoɔ no ara kɔɔ so yɛɛ nkoa, na na wɔn dodoɔ yɛ ɔpepem nan na na wɔwɔ Amerika anaafoɔ Fam, a wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nkoa wɔ Ɔmanko no mu de kɔsi n’awiei wɔ afe1865 mu Wɔ Reconstruction mu no wonyaa tumi krataa a ɛma wɔn bɛyɛ ɔman ba a wɔnyaa ho kwan sɛ wɔto aba ; esiane nhyehyɛe ne adwene a atrɛw a ɛne sɛ Aborɔfo di tumi nti, wɔyɛɛ wɔn kɛse sɛ ɔman mma a wɔtɔ so mmienu na ankyɛ na wohuu sɛ wɔahwere wɔn tumi a ɛma wɔn ho kwan ma wɔtumi to aba wɔ anaafoɔ Fam . Saa tebea hodoɔ yi sesae esiane United States asraafo ntawntawdi ahodoɔ mu kyɛfa a wonyae, atutra kɛse a wofii anaafoɔ Fam, mmara kwan so mmusuakuo mu mpaapaemu a woyii firi hɔ, ne ɔmanfo ho kwan ahodoɔ kuo a wɔhwehwɛɛ amammuo ne asetena mu ahofadie nti. Nanso, mmusua mu nyiyimu a wɔde tia Amerikafo a wɔyɛ abibifo da so ara yɛ ɔhaw de besi afeha a ɛto so 21 yi mu. Wɔ afe 2008 mu no, Barack Obama bɛyɛɛ Amerikani a ɔyɛ bibini a ɔdi kan a wɔpaw no sɛ United States ɔmampanyin.

Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ abibifoɔ amammerɛ wɔ nsunsuasoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa amammerɛ so , na ɛboa pii wɔ adwinni a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma, nwoma, Engiresi kasa, nyansapɛ, amannyɔsɛm, aduan, agodie, ne nnwom mu .

Abibifo Amerikafo mmoa a wɔde ma wɔ nnwom a agye din mu no mu dɔ ara ama ɛkame ayɛ sɛ Amerika nnwom nyinaa, te sɛ jazz, gospel, blues, disko, hip hop, R&B, soul rap ne rock fi anyɛ yiye koraa no Amerikafo a wɔyɛ abibifo mu fa bi anaasɛ ne nyinaa.

Abakɔsɛm

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Atubrafo bere so

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  Wɔn a wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nkoa na wɔde wɔn kɔɔ nkoatɔn mu wɔ Atlantic po no atifi no mu dodoɔ no ara yɛ nnipa a wofi Abibrem Mfinimfini ne Atɔe Fam a, nkoatɔnfoɔ no akyere wɔn tẽẽ wɔ mpoano ntua mu, anaasɛ Afrika Atɔe Famfoɔ afoforɔ atɔn wɔn, anaasɛ wɔn a wɔn fa yɛ Europefoɔ "aguadifoɔ mmapɔmma" de kɔmaa Europa nkoa aguadifo, a wɔde wɔn brɛɛ Amerikafoɔ.

Afrika nkoa a wɔdi kan faa Santo Domingo duu San Miguel de Gualdape atubraman (ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɛwɔ Winyah Bay mpɔtam wɔ nnɛyi South Carolina ), a Spainni ɔkwantufoɔ Lucas Vazquez de Ayllón na ɔde sii hɔ wɔ afe 1526 mu no. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ atubraman a na ɛnyɛ yiye no sɛee ntɛm ara esiane akannifoɔ ho ntɔkwaw nti, bere a nkoa no tew atua na wɔdwane firii atubraman no mu kɔhwehwɛɛ dwankɔbea wɔ Amerikafo Ankasa a wɔwɔ mpɔtam hɔ no mu . De Ayllón ne atubrafoɔ no mu pii wuwui wɔ ɛno akyi bere tiaa bi esiane ɔyaredɔm bi nti na wogyaw atubrafo no hɔ. Atubrafo ne nkoa a wɔandwane no san kɔɔ Haiti, faako a wofi bae no.

Awareɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Luisa de Abrego, Abibifoɔ fie somfo a wade ne ho a ɔfiri Seville, ne Miguel Rodríguez, Segovian aborɔfo nkonimdifo wɔ 1565 mu wɔ St. Augustine (Spain Florida) ntam no ne Kristofo aware a edi kan a wonim na wɔakyerɛw ho kyerɛwtohɔ wɔ baabiara wɔ baabiara wɔ baabiara wɔ baabiara a wɔfrɛ no asasepɔn so United Aman ahorow.

Nkoa a wɔreyɛ tawa ho adwuma wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 Virginia, mfonini a efi 1670 mu

Afrikafo a wɔdii kan kɔpuie Engiresi Amerika (a na daakye United States fa kɛse no ara ka ho) ne "abibifo 20 ne wɔn a wɔn ho yɛ nwonwa" a wɔfaa Cape Comfort so baa Jamestown, Virginia wɔ August 1619 mu sɛ asomfo a wɔayɛ wɔn apam . Bere a Virginiafoɔ atubrafo pii fii ase wuwui wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, wɔde Afrikafo pii bɔɛyɛɛ adwuma sɛ adwumayɛfo.

Nkoa tɔn a edi kan wɔ New Amsterdam wɔ 1655 mu, mfonini a efi 1895 a Howard Pyle yɛe

Nhwɛsoɔ

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  1. Wayback Machine (PDF), 2022-03-01, archived from the original on 2022-03-01, retrieved 2023-06-17{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. African Americans Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc., retrieved 2023-06-17
  3. Lewis Mumford Center Census 2000 Metropolitan Racial and Ethnic Change Series, 2007-10-12, archived from the original on 2007-10-12, retrieved 2023-06-17{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. Gomez, Michael A: Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South, p. 29.